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Ključni faktori lekovite interpersonalne komunikacije - psihoterapeutski model
Key factors of healing interpersonal communication: The psychotherapeutic model
Sažetak
Uprkos katkad krupnim i nepomirljivim razlikama između različitihpsihoterapeutskih pravaca, istraživanja o efikasnosti uspešnih psihoterapeuta različitih provenijencija iznela su na videlo prisustvo izvesnog broja zajedničkih faktora. Pokazalo se da svi faktori delotvornosti psihoterapeuta pripadaju sferi odnosa. Humanistički ili personalistički psiholog Karl Rodžers ih je sažeo i podveo pod tri ključna faktora uspostavljanja lekovitog odnosa: kongruencija, empatija i bezuslovno pozitivan stav prema klijentu. Pozitivan stav se oslanja na humanističko/ personalistički postulat o unutrašnjoj usmeravajućoj, samoaktualizujućoj (entelehijskoj) sili u svakom pojedincu, i o čoveku kao biću u postajanju, čije je postajanje onim što jeste omogućeno ipospešenopozitivnim, podržavajućim pogledom. Mnoga istraživanja su potvrdila značaj tih faktora i kvalitet odnosa kao nužan i nezaobilazan uslov uspeha bilo koje psihoterapije. Ovaj pristup se pokazao veoma plodnim i uspešnim i u drugim sferama rada i komunikacije, onda kada je cilj uspostavljanje, izgradnja, negovanje i unapređenje međuljudskih odnosa, kao osnova dobrobiti i zdravlja pojedinaca i grupa.
Abstract
Despite the sometimes big and irreconcilable differences between different psychotherapeutic currents, researches on the effectiveness of successful psychotherapists of different provenances have shown the presence of some common factors. It turned out that all factors of psychotherapeutic effectiveness belong to the sphere of relationship. The humanistic and personalistic psychologist Carl Rogers subsumed them under three key factors that allow the establishment of a healing relationship: congruence, empathy and unconditional positive attitude towards the client. The positive attitude is based on the humanist/ personalist postulate of the existence of an inner, driving, self actualizing (entelechial) force in each individual, and man as a being in becoming, who is enabled and encouraged to become who he/she is by this positive, supportive attitude. Many studies have confirmed the role and importance of these factors and the quality of the relationship as a necessary and indispensable condition for the success of any psychotherapy. This approach proved to be very fruitful and successful in other areas of work and communication, when it is aimed at establishing, building, nurturing and improving interpersonal relationships, as the basis for the well-being and health of individuals and groups.
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