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2018, vol. 66, br. 1-2, str. 189-202
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Ključni izazovi pred sistemom obrazovanja u Srbiji
Key challenges for the Serbian education
Belgrade Business School, Economics Institute
Sažetak
Četvrta industrijska revolucija dovodi do ubrzane transformacije ekonomija i društava na globalnom nivou. Menjaju se načini proizvodnje, potrošnje, pružanja usluga, komunikacija. Zahtevi tržišta rada se dramatično menjaju. Nastaju nova zanimanja i nestaju postojeća. Sve to otvara nove mogućnosti, podiže produktivnost rada, podstiče rast, ali da bi se iskoristili pozitivni efekti promena, neophodno je značajno investiranje u humani kapital, u razvoj znanja i veština populacije. Imajući u vidu dinamiku promena, postoji visok stepen neizvesnosti o tome koja će sve znanja biti potrebna u budućnosti. Ali, danas je već jasno da će i na nižim nivoima obrazovanja biti potrebno razvijati znanja i veštine koje će osposobljavati pojedince da se snalaze u kompleksnom, digitalnom okruženju. Akcenat se u obrazovanju pomera sa memorisanja na razvijanje analitičkog i kritičkog mišljenja, rešavanje problema, razvijanje kreativnosti, adaptibilnosti, timskog rada, razvijanje sposobnosti za celo životno učenje. Obrazovni sistem ima zadatak da osposobi članove društva da se mogu prilagoditi tehnološkim promenama, i izbeći sudbinu žrtve. Potrebna znanja i veštine neophodno je razviti kod učenika pre njihovog uključivanja na tržište rada i nastaviti sa usavršavanjem tokom radnog veka. Analiza efekata rada obrazovnog sistema u Srbiji, po nivoima obrazovanja, pokazuje da on ne uspeva da ostvari svoj društveni zadatak. Naši učenici postižu ispodprosečne rezultate na međunarodnim ispitivanjima, diplomirani studenti nisu adekvatno pripremljeni za zahteve svog prvog radnog mesta, struktura i broj diplomaca od srednjoškolskog nivoa nadalje je u značajnom disbalansu sa potrebama tržišta rada. Očigledno je neophodno preduzeti korenitu, konsistentnu reformu sistema obrazovanja na svim nivoima. Rešenja postoje, potrebno je sagledati svet oko nas.
Abstract
The Fourth Industrial Revolution is causing an accelerated transformation of economies and societies globally. Ways of production, consumption, service delivery and communication are changing. Labor market demands are changing dramatically. New occupations emerge and existing ones disappear. This opens up new opportunities, raises productivity, enables higher consumption, encourages growth, yet to reap the benefits from the positive effects of change, significant investment in human capital and knowledge and skills development of the population is essential. Such rapid changes result in high uncertainty as to the skills needed for the future. It is already obvious that even at lower education levels, preparing individuals to cope with a complex, digital environment becomes important. The emphasis in education is moving from memorization to developing analytical and critical thinking, problem solving, creativity, adaptability, team work, skills for lifelong learning. The education system needs to ensure people are equipped with the skills to adapt to technological changes to avoid the widening social gaps. The required knowledge and skills need to be developed before entering the labor market, and updated throughout the working life. Analysis of the Serbian education system outcomes at different levels shows that it fails to fulfill its social task. Students' results in international testing are below average, graduates are inadequately prepared for their first job requirements, the profile structure from secondary school level upwards is notably mismatched to the labor market needs. What is required is a radical, consistent reform of the education system at all levels. Solutions exist, what we need is to acknowledge the world around us.
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