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2015, vol. 63, br. 3-4, str. 222-232
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Komparativna analiza uloge klastera u razvoju regionalne konkurentnosti
Comparative analysis of clusters contribution to regional competitiveness
Univerzitet Singidunum, FEFA - Fakultet za ekonomiju, finansije i administraciju - FEFA, Beograd
Sažetak
Cilj ovog rada je da se utvrdi kako klasteri doprinose regionalnoj konkurentnosti u sledećih pet zemalja Jugoistočne Evrope (u daljem tekstu G5): Mađarska, Bugarska, Grčka, Rumunija i Srbija. Kako bi testirali hipotezu da jaki klasteri doprinose regionalnoj konkurentnosti, analizirali smo povezanost između snage i specijalizacije klastera u regionima (koristeći metodologiju Evropske opservatorije za klastere - ECO) sa BDP per capita, kao pokazateljem produktivnosti. Rad se bazira na različitim statističkim podacima, uključujući Globalni izvještaj o konkurentnosti, nacionalne statističke izveštaje i metodologiju mapiranja klastera koju je razvio ECO. Naša analiza pokazuje da, u državama G5, uprkos niskom nivou razvoja klastera, postoje jaki klasteri u razvijenijim regionima, uglavnom oko velikih gradova. Takođe, pozitivna korelacija dokazuje da viši nivo specijalizacije u G5 regionima vodi ka višem nivou produktivnosti, mereno BDP per capita. U poređenju sa razvijenim zemljama EU, segmenti privrede u znanjem intenzivnim uslugama, kreativnim industrijama i naukama o životu u G5 su slabi. Ipak, u G5 postoji pozitivna korelacija između svakog od ovih segmenata i regionalnog BDPpc, što nas dovodi do zaključka da ovi segmenti mogu biti pokretači regionalnih inovacija i produktivnosti.
Abstract
Objective of this paper is to determine how clusters contribute to regional competitiveness in the following five South-East Europe countries (hereinafter referred to as G5): Hungary, Bulgaria, Greece, Romania and Serbia. In order to test the hypothesis that strong clusters contribute to regional competitiveness we analyzed correlation between the strength and specialization of clusters in the regions (using the methodology of the European Cluster Observatory - ECO) and GDP per capita, as an indicator of productivity. The paper is based on various statistical data including Global Competitiveness Report, national statistical reports, and cluster mapping methodology developed by the ECO. Our analysis shows that, in observed G5, despite low ranks with respect to the state of cluster development, there is evidence of a strong cluster portfolio in more developed regions, mainly around the major cities. Also, determined positive correlation means that higher level of specialization in the G5 regions leads to a higher level of productivity, measured by GDPpc. Knowledge-intensive services, creative industries and life sciences segments are weak in G5, compared with developed EU countries. Nevertheless, in G5, there is a positive correlation between each of these segments and regional GDPpc, which brings us to the conclusion that they can be drivers of regional innovation and productivity.
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