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2018, vol. 52, br. 2, str. 607-627
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Komunistički manifest i seljaštvo XXI veka
Communist Manifesto and the peasantry of the 21st century
Sažetak
Pre 170 godina u Komunističkom manifestu K. Marks i F. Engels dali su nekoliko prognoza u pogledu budućih promena društvene strukture. Prema jednoj od njih, seljaštvo je samim delovanjem zakona kapitalizma bilo osuđeno na nestajanje. Iako je od vremena u kojem je ovo predviđanje izrečeno došlo do obimne deagrarizacije u velikom delu sveta, kao i do industrijalizacije poljoprivredne proizvodnje, seljaštvo ne samo što nije nestalo već je u nekim zemljama došlo i do njegovog povratka na društvenu scenu. Objašnjenje ovih protivrečnih procesa nalazimo u teoriji repezantizacije (ponovnog poseljačenja) holandskog sociologa J. D. van der Plega (Ploeg). Iste društvene sile koje izazivaju depezantizaciju (razseljačenje), a to su modernizacija, industrijalizacija i globalizacija, provociraju i otpor poljoprivrednika i njihovu borbu za autonomiju. Ta se borba očituje u povratku seljačkim obrascima u bavljenju poljoprivredom.
Abstract
A hundred and seventy years ago in Communist Manifesto K. Marx and F. Engels gave several prognoses regarding the future changes of the social structure. According to one of them, peasantry was sentenced to disappearing, by the laws of capitalism. Since this prediction has been written, in the large part of the world the process of de-agrarization has taken place, together with industrialization of agricultural production. However, peasantry did not disappear; on the contrary, it reappeared in some countries. The explanation of these contradictory processes we find the theory or repeasantization, given by a Dutch sociologist J. D. van der Ploeg. The same social forces that cause depeasantization, like modernization, industrialization and globalization, provoke the resistance of farmers and their struggle for autonomy. This struggle can be recognized in the comeback of the peasant mechanisms in the agricultural production.
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