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2017, vol. 64, br. 3, str. 1161-1176
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Krivičnopravna i građanskopravna odgovornost usled ugrožavanja životne sredine
Criminal and civil liability for environmental damage
Sažetak
Životna sredina je egzistencijalno pravo čoveka. Zaštita životne sredine, posmatrano u odnosu na druga pitanja, od skoro se nalazi na vrhu prioriteta, te stoga je i prepoznata nužnost ali i urgentnost uspostavljanja pravne regulative. Pitanje odgovornosti usled ugrožavanja životne sredine može se posmatrati iz više uglova, dok će fokus ovog istraživanja biti usmeren ka krivičnopravnoj i građanskopravnoj odgovornosti. Krivičnopravnim zakonodavstvom se ostvaruje zaštita društva od kriminaliteta, pa se tako i najsvrishodnija zaštita životne sredine u ovom smislu, ostvaruje upravo na pomenuti način. Građanskopravna zaštita životne sredine ne reguliše se direktno konkretnim propisima, već se ona predviđa zakonodavnim instrumetima u oblasti naknade šteta, kao što su Zakon o obligacionim odnosima, Zakonu o osnovama svojinsko pravnih odnosa i dr. Usled istaknutog cilj ovog istraživanja je da se kroz metodološko-teorijski okvir analizira krivičnopravna i građanskopravna odgovornost usled ugrožavanja životne sredine. Metodom analize razmotriće se najznačajnija pitanja za istraživanje, dok će se normativni metod koristiti za prikaz legislativa koje regulišu proučavanu materiju na međunarodnom nivou, na nivou Evropske unije i u pozitivnom zakonodavstvu Republike Srbije. Komparativnim metodom sumiraće se proizašli rezultati.
Abstract
Environment is the existential right of man. The protection of the environment, seen in relation to other issues, is almost at the top of the priority, and hence the necessity and urgency to establish a legal regulation is recognized. The issue of environmental liability can be considered from multiple angles, while the focus of this research will be directed to criminal and civil liability. Criminal law enforces the protection of society from crime, so that the most favorable protection of the environment is achieved in this way. Civil law protection of the environment is not regulated directly by specific regulations, but it is foreseen by legislative instruments in the area of compensation of damages, such as the Law on Obligations, the Law on the Basis of Property Relations and others. It is due to the prominent goal of this research through the methodological and theoretical framework to analyze the criminal and civil liability of the environment due to environmental damage. By using the method of analysis we will address the most important issues of relevance to research, while the normative method will be used to illustrate legislation regulating the study of matter at the international level, at the level of the European Union and in the positive legislation of the Republic of Serbia. Comparative method will be used to summarize the results obtained.
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