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Porodica kao agens socijalizacije u tranzicionom društvu - sociološki aspekt
Family as an agent of socialization in the transitional society: Sociological aspects
Sažetak
Imajući u vidu promene koje su se desile i još uvek se dešavaju u sa-vremenom društvu već duži niz godina, moguće je pratiti i promene u okviru same porodice kao društvene grupe. U velikoj meri vršena su različita istraživanja u pogledu promena vaspitne uloge porodice. Posebno mesto ovom problemu pripada porodično vaspitanje dece. Prisutna je činjenica da je porodica od davnina imala a posebno danas ima značajan doprinos u vaspitanju dece. To nam potvrđuje da se primarna socijalizacija odvija u porodici i da je ona istovremeno nezamenljiva. U porodici dete stiče prva znanja, svoja prva socijalna iskustva i u članovima porodice ima svoje uzore. U porodici dobija porodična osećanja (bliskost i ljubav). Međutim, porodica je u sadašnjim uslovima tranzicije suočena sa brojnim teškoćama i problemima. Promene koje se dešavaju velikom dinamikom u svim segmentima modernog društva ostavljaju za sobom veoma ozbiljne posledice na stanje, razvoj, ulogu i mesto porodice u društvu. U poslednje vreme, svedoci smo promena u načinu života, koji je sve dinamičniji, a koji iza sebe ostavlja posledice, na koje nisu imuni, ni roditelji a ni deca. Briga o deci nije na prvom mestu, razvoj savremene tehnologije potiskuje najbitniju fazu u razvoju dece a to je detinjstvo. Na ovaj način dolazi do otuđenja dece i ona postaju u većoj meri individualci a na taj način gube svest o pripadnosti grupi.
Abstract
Considering the family as an agent of socialization in the transitional society it is necessary to start from the knowledge that the family is the first in the hierarchy of social values. It is also the fundamental social unit and the area of community, which has an enormous role in the life of every individual and in every social system. It is necessary to add the fact that the family as a social group is irreplaceable corner where a man is formed as a person, accomplishes himself and in that way satisfies human needs, which otherwise can be met only in the family. It is a universal human community, which plays an important role in the development of the man in society, not only the man as an individual, but also society as a whole. Studying the family as one of the oldest primary social groups within which biological, emotional, economic, educational - cultural and communication relationships, are realited, a number of theorists and researchers have found out that the family has not yet been sufficiently explored and there are many ambiguous and unresolved questions as well as problems behind us. In this respect the family has proved to be a constant movement in time and space, with a tan.gle of action and at the same time sensitive to the new changes in its internal and external relations in a global society. There are various factors in the development of socialization among children, which affect socialization, but it is rightly said that the family is the social environment where is the person developed, and that it is the most important factor in the socialization of society. Many family theorists say that it is a heterogeneous environment, i.e. society at large, where many social phenomena aresdved such as: love, hate, rivalry and solidarity, humanity and selfishness. A child in a family environment emulates all these habits so that graduallyit acquires certain social habits, and thus it also gains a certain attitude towards the society, which can be positive or negative. The family is in some sense a mediator between the child on the one hand and society on the other. It develops the emotional and social relationships, and in the arms of the family human development and a complete personality of the child, beginas. It also forms the basic moral principles: good and evil. The family forms the first emotional climate, which is a natural relationship in that environment and at the same time it tightens the relationship among the child, parents and other family members. Pointing to the role and importance of the family as a very important agent of the socialization in the development an individual and a society as a whole, it is also necessary to point out essential types of a modern family. One of the essential features of a modern family is taking care of a warm family atmosphere with a strong emotional bond between parents and children. In this kind of family the main position belongs to a child and, so whole family life is subordinated to him in transit society the global social processes of re-traditionalization, de-industrialization and re-privatization influenced to the change in the position of children's life as well as to the changes in the educational role of the family as an agent of socialization.
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