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2022, vol. 17, br. 3, str. 215-219
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Orofaringealna disfagija kod starijih osoba - etiologija, patofiziologija i simptomatologija
Oropharyngeal dysphagia in elderly persons: Etiology, pathophysiology and symptomatology
aUniverzitet u Beogradu, Fakultet za specijalnu edukaciju i rehabilitaciju, Srbija bUniverzitet u Beogradu, Fakultet za specijalnu edukaciju i rehabilitaciju, Srbija + Kliničko-bolnički centar Zvezdara, Beograd, Srbija
e-adresa: ivana.ilic558@gmail.com
Projekat: Evaluacija tretmana stečenih poremećaja govora i jezika (MPNTR - 179068)
Sažetak
Poremećaji gutanja mogu se javiti u bilo kom životnom dobu, mada se češće javljaju u starosti kada se fiziologija gutanja menja usled starenja. Orofaringealna disfagija je veoma često kliničko stanje koje pogađa 13% ukupne populacije starije od 65 godina i 51% starijih osoba smeštenih u ustanove. S obzirom na to da orofaringealna disfagija može dovesti do povećanja morbiditeta i mortaliteta kod starijih osoba, neophodno je što je moguće više sprečiti pojavu disfagije u ovoj populacionoj grupi. U vezi s tim, ovaj rad ima za cilj da pruži uvid u savremena istraživanja etiologije, patofiziologije i simptomatologije orofaringealne disfagije kod starijih osoba. Za ovaj rad pretražene su elektronske baze podataka Google Scholar Advanced Search-a i Konzorcijuma biblioteka Srbije za objedinjenu nabavku - KoBSON. U pretrazi su korišćene sledeće ključne reči i fraze: gutanje, disfagija, orofaringealna disfagija, starenje, starost i disfagija, etiologija orofaringealne disfagije, klinička slika orofaringealne disfagije, patofiziologija orofaringealne disfagije. Ovaj sistematski pregled i metaanaliza radova pokazali su značajan napredak u efikasnom dijagnostičkom pristupu orofaringealne disfagije tokom poslednjih godina, ali i značajan nedostatak znanja o adekvatnim modifikacijama lekova koji se primenjuju u lečenju pacijenata sa disfagijom. Dobro poznavanje etiologije, patofiziologije i simptomatologije orofaringealne disfagije eliminisalo bi štetno dejstvo farmakoloških supstanci na funkciju gutanja, s obzirom da ih starije osobe, po savetu lekara, svakodnevno koriste.
Abstract
Swallowing disorders can occur at any age, although they occur more often in old age when the physiology of swallowing changes due to aging. Oropharyngeal dysphagia is a very common clinical condition affecting 13% of the total population over 65 years of age and 51% of institutionalized older people. Given that oropharyngeal dysphagia can lead to increased morbidity and mortality in the elderly, it is necessary to prevent the occurrence of dysphagia in this population group as much as possible. In relation to this, the paper aims to provide insight into contemporary research into the etiology, pathophysiology, and symptomatology of oropharyngeal dysphagia in the elderly. In this review study, the electronic databases of Google Scholar Advanced Search and the Consortium of Serbian Libraries for Unified Procurement - KoBSON were searched. The following keywords and phrases were used in the search: swallowing, dysphagia, oropharyngeal dysphagia, aging, age and dysphagia, etiology of oropharyngeal dysphagia, the clinical picture of oropharyngeal dysphagia, pathophysiology of oropharyngeal dysphagia. This systematic review and meta-analysis of papers showed significant progress in the effective diagnostic approach of oropharyngeal dysphagia during the last years but also a significant lack of knowledge about adequate modifications of drugs applied during the treatment of patients with dysphagia. A good understanding of the etiology, pathophysiology, and symptomatology of oropharyngeal dysphagia would eliminate the harmful effects of pharmacological substances on the function of swallowing, given that the elderly, on the advice of a doctor, use them daily.
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