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2011, vol. 66, br. 5, str. 865-870
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Primena Codex Alimentarius HACCP sistema u vodovodnim organizacijama radi snabdevanja stanovništva bezbednom pijaćom vodom
Application of Codex Alimentarius HACCP system in water supply organizations for the safe drinking water supply of population
aRazvojni centar SITS, Beograd
bGradska uprava, Zrenjanin
cMinistarstvo zdravlja RS, Beograd
dUniverzitet u Beogradu, Poljoprivredni fakultet, Srbija
eEuroSolutions, Beograd
Sažetak
Smernice za kvalitet pijaće vode Svetske zdravstvene organizacije (SZO) preporučuju korišćenje efikasnih pristupa preventivnog upravljanja rizicima radi upravljanja rizicima od pojave opasnosti po bezbednost i kvalitet pijaće vode. Rad opisuje primenu HACCP sistema za razvoj planova bezbednosti pijaće vode. HACCP sistem je postao međunarodno poznat alat za upravljanje rizicima radi obezbeđenja bezbednosti hrane u lancu ishrane. Rastuća primena HACCP sistema u vodovodnim organizacijama je posledica mnogih sličnosti u preradi hrane i snabdevanju pijaćom vodom. HACCP sistem je sada obavezan u lancu ishrane u Republici Srbiji, pošto Zakon o bezbednosti hrane nalaže svim subjektima u lancu ishrane da uspostave Codex Alimentarius HACCP sistem. Prema ovom zakonu hrana jeste i voda za piće, a voda za piće jeste voda u originalnoj ambalaži i voda za javno snabdevanje stanovništva. To znači da bi shodno ovom zakonu sve vodovodne organizacije koje snabdevaju stanovništvo vodom morale da uspostave HACCP sistem. HACCP sistem u jednoj vodovodnoj organizaciji mora da se uspostavi u čitavoj organizaciji, koju sačinjavaju: zaposleni radnici, inženjerski objekti (izvorište, transport sirove vode, postrojenja za prečišćavanje vode, distribucioni sistem) i pripadajuća oprema, sa uspostavljenim odgovornostima, ovlašćenjima i odnosima. U radu će biti izloženi osnovni zahtevi koje treba da ispuni jedna vodovodna organizacija da bi uspostavila HACCP sistem, pri čemu će posebna pažnja biti posvećena preduslovnim programima: dobroj higijenskoj praksi (DHP), dobroj praksi nabavke (DPN), dobroj praksi održavanja (DPO).
Abstract
The World Health Organization's (WHO) Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality recommends the use of effective preventive risk management approaches to manage drinking water safety and quality risks. The paper describes the implementation of HACCP system for the development of Drinking Water Safety Plans. The HACCP system has become an internationally known risk management tool for ensuring food safety in the food chain. The fast growing application of the HACCP system in drinking water supply organizations has occurred due to the many similarities in food processing and drinking water supply. HACCP is now mandatory in the food chain the Republic of Serbia, because Food Safety Law requires of all stakeholders in the food chain to establish the Codex Alimentarius HACCP system. According to this law drinking water is food, and drinking water is the water in the original container and water for public supply of population. This means that according to this law all the organizations that supply population with water had to establish the HACCP system. The HACCP system in a water supply organization must be established throughout the organization, which consists of: employees, engineering facilities (surface or underground source, transport of raw water, water treatment plants, distribution system) and related equipment, with established responsibilities, authorities and relationships. The paper will be exposed to the basic requirements to be met by a water supply organizations to establish the HACCP system, in which special attention will be devoted to some of the prerequisite programs: good hygiene practices (GHP), good procurement practice (GPP), good maintenance practice (GMP).
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