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2017, vol. 69, br. 7, str. 122-136
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Krizne situacije - pripremljenost države, lokalne zajednice i građana
Crises: Readiness of state, local community and citizens
Policijska akademija, Beograd, Srbija
Sažetak
U radu su izneti rezultati kvantitativnog istraživanja percepcije pripremljenosti organa državne uprave i jedinica lokalne samouprave, domaćinstva i građana za reagovanje u kriznim situacijama izazvanim poplavama u Republici Srbiji. Polazeći od teorije pripremljenosti kao okvira za objašnjenje načina na koji se zajednica menja u pogledu sprovođenja određenih preventivnih mera ispituje se uticaj određenih demografskih, socio-ekonomskih i psiholoških karakteristika građana na njihovu percepciju pripremljenosti navedenih subjekata sistema zaštite i spasavanja. Cilj kvantitativnog istraživanja predstavlja naučna eksplikacija uticaja navedenih faktora na percepciju pripremljenosti. U istraživanju sprovedenom u 19 lokalnih zajednica u Srbiji primenom strategije ispitivanja u domaćinstvima, višeetapnim slučajnim uzrokovanjem anketirano je 2.500 građana u toku 2015. godine. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju da je ocena pripremljenosti za reagovanje najviša je kod domaćinstva (M = 3,03), a najniža kod organa jedinica lokalne samouprave (M = 2,86). Utvrđena je statistički značajna povezanost pola, godina starosti, visine prihoda i prethodnog iskustva sa percepcijom pripremljenosti domaćinstva. Sa druge strane, na percepciju pripremljenosti državnih organa statistički značajno utiču godine starosti, status zaposlenosti, visina prihoda i prethodno iskustvo. Posebno je značajno spomenuti da strah ispitanika od kriznih situacija ne utiče na percepciju pripremljenosti za reagovanje. Polazeći od empirijski neispitanog stanja percepcije pripremljenosti sistema zaštite i spasavanja za reagovanje rad poseduje visoki naučni i društveni značaj. Pri tome, rezultati istraživanja mogu biti iskorišćeni za unapređenje pripremljenosti takvog sistema.
Abstract
The paper presents the results of a quantitative survey of the perception of the readiness of state administration and local governments, households and citizens to react in crises caused by floods in the Republic of Serbia. Starting from the theory of readiness as the framework for explaining the way in which the community changes with regard to the implementation of certain preventive measures, the impact of certain demographic, socio-economic and psychological characteristics of citizens on their perception of the readiness of the mentioned subjects of the protection and rescue system is examined. The objective of quantitative research is the scientific explanation of the impact of these factors on the perception of readiness. Starting from the empirically not tested state of perception of the readiness of the protection and rescue system for reaction, this paper has the scientific and social significance. Furthermore, research results can be used to improve the readiness of such system.
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