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2015, vol. 43, br. 3, str. 27-53
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Spremnost za razvoj ekonomije bazirane na znanju, inovativnost i konkurentnost zemalja Zapadnog Balkana
Knowledge economy readiness, innovativeness and competitiveness of the Western Balkan countries
aUniverzitet u Nišu, Ekonomski fakultet, Srbija bUniverzitet u Beogradu, Učiteljski fakultet, Srbija cUniverzitet u Kragujevcu, Ekonomski fakultet, Srbija dUniverzitet u Kragujevcu, Filološko-umetnički fakultet, Srbija
e-adresa: ddespotovic@kg.ac.rs
Sažetak
Zemlje Zapadnog Balkana postavile su za cilj pridruživanje Evropskoj uniji u što je moguće kraćem roku. U tom smislu, ove zemlje moraju prilagoditi svoje politike razvoja strategiji Evropa 2020, u čijem se centru nalazi izgradnja društva znanja, rast inovativnosti i unapređenje konkurentnosti. U radu je na osnovu podataka uzetih iz tri kompozitna indeksa (Knowledge Economy Index Instituta Svetske banke, Global Innovation Index INSEAD-a i Global Competitiveness Index Svetskog ekonomskog foruma) za 2013. godinu istraživana povezanost spremnosti za razvoj ekonomije bazirane na znanju, inovativnosti i konkurentnosti šest zemalja Zapadnog Balkana (Albanija, Bosna i Hercegovina, Makedonija, Hrvatska, Srbija i Crna Gora) i isto tolikog broja selektovanih država Evropske unije iz njihovog najbližeg okruženja (Austrija, Bugarska, Grčka, Mađarska, Rumunija, Slovenija). Po podacima iz sva tri izvora, konstatovano je izraženo zaostajanje spremnosti za razvoj ekonomije bazirane na znanju, inovativnosti i konurentnosti zemalja Zapadnog Balkana za selektovanim zemljama EU. Analizom međuzavisnosti pomenutih varijabli ustanovljena je: a) statistički značajna korelacija između indikatora spremnosti za razvoj ekonomije znanja i globalnog indeksa inovativnosti za obe grupe zemalja; b) statistički značajna korelacija između globalnog indeksa inovativnosti i indeksa inovacione efikasnosti za zemlje Zapadnog Balkana, za razliku od grupe selektovanih zemalja EU; c) nije detektovana statistički značajna korelacija između globalnog indeksa inovativnosti i globalnog indeksa konkurentnosti za zemlje Zapadnog Balkana, dok je za grupaciju selektovanih zemalja EU ustanovljeno postojanje značajne linearne korelacije ovih varijabli.
Abstract
The Western Balkan countries have set themselves the goal to join the European Union as soon as possible. Accordingly, they must adjust the key components of their development policies to the Europe 2020 strategy, focusing on key priorities such as smart, sustainable and inclusive growth. This paper explores the relationship among knowledge economy readiness, innovativeness, and competitiveness of six Western Balkan countries (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Serbia, Croatia, and Montenegro) and the group of six selected neighboring EU countries (Austria, Bulgaria, Greece, Hungary, Romania, and Slovenia). The paper relies on the data obtained from the Knowledge Economy Index of the World Bank Institute, INSEAD's Global Innovation Index and the Global Competitiveness Index of the World Economic Forum for 2013. Obtained data from all three sources indicated significantly lower readiness for the development of economy based on knowledge, innovation and competitiveness in the Western Balkans countries in comparison to the selected EU countries. The analysis of the interdependence of the aforementioned variables points to: a) statistically significant correlation between the indicator knowledge economy index and the global innovation index for both groups of countries; b) statistically significant linear correlation between innovativeness and innovation efficiency ratio for the Western Balkan countries. Conversely, no respective correlation has been registered for the group of selected EU countries; c) no statistically significant correlation between the global innovation index and the global competitiveness index in the Western Balkan countries, while in respect of the group of selected EU countries, the existence of significant linear correlation between these variables has been revealed.
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