Biomass in the Province Vojvodina: RES 2020

Martinov, Milan; Brkić, Miladin; Janić, Todor; Đatkov, Đorđe; Golub, Marko; Bojić, Savo

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Savremena poljoprivredna tehnika

2011, vol. 37, br. 2, str. 119-134

Biomasa u Vojvodini - RES 2020

Martinov Milan^a, Brkić Miladin^b, Janić Todor^b, Đatkov Đorđe^a

, Golub Marko^a, Bojić Savo^a

^aUniverzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka, Srbija
^bUniverzitet u Novom Sadu, Poljoprivredni fakultet, Srbija

e-adresa: milanmartinov@uns.ac.rs

Projekat:

Razvoj i unapređenje tehnologija za energetski efikasno korišćenje više formi poljoprivredne i šumske biomase na ekološki prihvatljiv način, uz mogućnost kogeneracije (MPNTR - 42011)

Ključne reči: biomasa; potencijali; RES 2020; održivost; ruralni razvoj

Sažetak

Direktivom 2009/28/EC, koja se još naziva i RES 2020, definisani su ciljevi korišćenja obnovljivih izvora energije u EU do 2020 godine, koje bi trebala da dostigne i Srbija. Konstatovano je da u Srbiji najveće potencijale obnovljvih izvora energije predstavlja čvrsta biomasa, a u Vojvodini ostatci biljne proizvodnje. Postavljen je cilj da se razmotre potencijali za održivu proizvodnju i korišćenje biomase za energetske svrhe u Vojvodini. To je sprovedeno pregledom dosadašnjih saznanja te definisanjem potrebnih istraživačko-razvojnih aktivnosti da bi se ostvario viši potencijal. Dat je pregled načina utvrđivanja potencijala biomase u svetu, te konstatovano da dominira primena GIS, a budući razvoj usmeren je ka senzorskom daljinskom mapiranju. Ocenjeno je da je u Vojvodini na raspolaganju oko 1,7 Mt poljoprivredne biomase za energetske svrhe, što je manje od 30% ukupno raspoložive količine biljnih ostataka. Uzimajući u obzir ostatke rezidbe i primarne prerade, trenutni energetski potencijal biomase u Vojvodini je oko 0,7 Mtoe, što se dobro slaže sa ranije procenjenim potencijalom u Srbiji, 1,7 Mtoe. Ocenjeni su brojni uticaji na održivo korišćenje biomase u energetske svrhe, očuvanje plodnosti zemljišta, konkurisanje proizvodnji hrane, očuvanje životne sredine, ekonomsku i socijalnu održivost poljoprivrede i ruralnih oblasti. Navedene su brojne multidisciplinarne aktivnosti usmerene ka povećanju potencijala biomase koja bi se koristila za energetske svrhe, uz ostvarenje održivog razvoja. Procenjeno je da bi potencijal biomase za energetske svrhe u Vojvodini, do 2020. godine, mogao da bude oko 1,1 Mtoe. Najviše bi doprinela proizvodnja brzorastućih šuma, ubiranje kukuruzovine i ostataka proizvodnje suncokreta. Očekuje se i dostizanje zrelosti za primenu u praksi novih tehnologija, LCB i BtL. Proizvodnja i korišćenje biomase za energetske svrhe može da doprinese održivom razvoju poljoprivrede i ruralnih oblasti.

Abstract

In the Directive 2009/28/EC, also called as RES 2020, targets related to the share of RES in total primary energy consumption up to year 2020 are defined. Serbia is also obliged to follow this policy. It was previously identified that the biggest RES potentials in Serbia makes solid biomass, and in crop residues Vojvodina. The objective was to consider potentials of sustainable energetic utilization of biomass in Vojvodina. This was based on literature survey and setting up of needed future R&D activities aimed in increase of potentials. Approaches of biomass potential assessment in the world were reviewed. It was concluded that application of GIS is dominated, newly, using remote sensing. The potential of agricultural biomass applicable for energetic utilization in Vojvodina has been estimated to be about 1.7 Mt, and it makes about 30% of total available crop residues. Taking into account pruning and processing residues as well as the total energetic potential of biomass in Vojvodina is estimated to be about 0.7 Mtoe. This figure corresponds well with previously estimated potential for whole Serbia, 1.7 Mtoe. The influences of energetic utilization of biomass on preservation of soil fertility, competition to food security, environment protection, economic and social sustainability of agriculture and rural areas, were considered. Numerous multidisciplinary activities aimed to increase potential of biomass for sustainable energetic application up to 2020 are listed. It was estimated that the potential of biomass in Vojvodina could increase, up to 2020, to about 1.1 Mtoe. The most significant contribution to the potential rise is expected from SRC, maize stover and sunflower straw. The applicability of new technologies for energetic utilization of biomass, LCB and BtL, is expected. Production and energetic utilization of biomass can contribute sustainable development of agriculture and rural development in the country.

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jezik rada: srpski
vrsta rada: pregledni članak
objavljen u SCIndeksu: 13.03.2012.

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