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2010, vol. 58, br. 3-4, str. 160-173
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Finansijsko izveštavanje banaka - može li biti uzročnik finansijske krize i kako ga urediti nakon nje?
Banks' financial reporting: Could it be the cause of the financial crisis and how to regulate it after the crisis?
Univerzitet u Beogradu, Ekonomski fakultet
Sažetak
Sa izbijanjem svetske finansijske krize računovodstvena praksa se suočila sa novim krupnim izazovima. Ljudi na veoma uticajnim pozicijama, pogotovo u SAD, spremni su da enormne gubitke i ozbiljne probleme solventnosti banaka pripišu tekućoj bankarskoj računovodstvenoj praksi, tačnije računovodstvu fer vrednosti. Neretko su te osude računovodstva fer vrednosti jako oštre, pa čak, reklo bi se, i nepotrebno emotivne. Na bazi argumentacije koju smo razvili nismo bili u mogućnosti da zaključimo da je računovodstvo fer vrednosti glavni ili jedan od glavnih uzročnika finansijske krize, ali smo jasno ukazali na evidentne probleme današnje računovodstvene i prudencione regulative u bankama. Za adekvatno uređenje buduće prakse finansijskog izveštavanja banaka bitno je ne činiti ishitrene poteze, iako se oni nameću u cilju 'gašenja požara' tekuće finansijske krize. Dileme o daljem oblikovanju prakse bankarskog izveštavanja otvorene u svetlu finansijske krize kompleksne su i višeslojne, a za njihovo razrešenje pored računovodstvenih regulatora zainteresovani su i te kako i bankarski prudencioni regulatori. Na ovom tragu, neka rešenja su već (prerano) doneta, a mi smo ih ocenili kao iznuđena i palijativna. U nastavku smo kritički ocenili i preostala potencijalna rešenja i izneli preporuke za razvoj buduće prakse na bazi dobrih i potrebnih rešenja.
Abstract
With the outbreak of the world financial crisis accounting practice has faced new big challenges. Certain influential people on important positions, particularly in the U.S., are ready to accuse current accounting practices of banks, more accurately the fair value accounting, for enormous losses and serious solvency problems of banks. Often, these condemns of fair value accounting are very sharp and even, one might say, unnecessary emotional. On the basis of arguments that we developed, we were not able to conclude that fair value accounting is the main or one of the major causes of financial crisis but we clearly pointed to the evident problems of today's accounting and prudential regulation of banks. If establishing of adequate financial reporting practices of banks is wanted it is important to avoid hasty moves, although such moves are imposed in order to 'extinguish the fire' of the current financial crisis. Design of banking reporting practices are faced with complex and multilayered dilemmas and at least two parties are very interested in the possible solutions, accounting regulators and prudential regulators. Following this trail, we assessed some of already adopted solutions as premature, forced and palliative. Finally, we critically evaluated remaining potential solutions and made recommendations for development of future practices based on good and necessary solutions.
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