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- posete u poslednjih 30 dana:6
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2020, br. 50, str. 271-289
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Fande i delovanje Austrougarske u Prizrenskom i Pećkom sandžaku (1900-1905)
Fandas and operation of the Austria-Hungary in Prizren and Peć sanjak (1900-1905)
Projekat: Materijalna i duhovna kultura Kosova i Metohije (MPNTR - 178028)
Sažetak
Fande su bile Arbanasi rimokatoličke vere koji se na prostore Stare Srbije, pre svega Metohije, naseljavaju iz severne Albanije. Zauzimali su napuštena srpska imanja posle značajnih istorijskih dešavanja, nakon kojih su se Srbi povlačili na sever. Ponašanje fanda u delovima Kosovskog vilajeta pokazuje svu kompleksnost političkih zbivanja u poslednjim decenijama osmanske vlasti na ovim prostorima. Iako pripadnici istog naroda, sa istim jezikom, podele između fanda i Arbanasa muhamedanaca dugo su se ispoljavale. Fande su se sukobljavale ne samo sa svojim sunarodnicima, koje su smatrali manje vrednim zbog promene vere, već i sa pravoslavnim hrišćanima - Srbima, koje su, u skladu sa verskom doktrinom, nazivali šizmaticima. Malobrojnost u odnosu na obe grupe sprečavala ih je da jače ispolje svoje stavove. Veliku podršku za svoje aktivnosti fande su imale u rimokatoličkoj crkvi, koja je nastojala da svoj uticaj proširi što više na istok. Do zbližavanja fanda i Arbanasa muhamedanaca došlo je najviše nakon Berlinskog kongresa. Značajnu ulogu u tom procesu imala je Austrougarska, koja je u Arbanasima videla sredstvo za ostvarenje svog cilja - prodora na Istok. Sa fandama su delili istu religiju, a Arbanasima muhamedancima nije smetalo što su pred Austrougarima iz Bosne izbegli mnogi muslimani. Da lakše dođu do svog cilja Austrijanci su konstantnom i upornom propagandom gradili jedinstvo fanda i Arbanasa muhamedanaca, suprotstavljajući ga Srbima ali i osmanskoj državi. Srbe su predstavljali kao glavne protivnike Arbanasa i turske države, zbog čega su na njih nasrtali kako muhamedanci, tako i fande. Primeri koji su navedeni u radu govore o jasnoj sprezi Austrougarske i Arbanasa rimokatolika-fanda.
Abstract
The author points out the Austro-Hungarian influence on the Catholic Albanians-fandas in Prizren and Peć sanjak in the early 20th century. Austro-Hungarian activity in this field intensified after the Serbo-Turkish wars and the Congress of Berlin. Violence against the Serbian population had since become more frequent, aided by the fandas that have the support and protection of Roman Catholic priests and Austro-Hungarian diplomats. The Catholic Albanian people commit various forms of zulum over Serbian people, who powerless before them abandoned their properties. A large number of Serbian properties were getting new owners -fandas, that were settled with the permission of the beys. The Austria-Hungary, wishing to cause as much disorder as possible, incited the fandas and Mohammedan Albanian people against the Serbian people, in whom they saw the main obstacle to the achievement of their aims and the occupation of these regions. The situation demanded greater involvement of Serbian and Russian diplomacy in protecting the thinned-out Serbian population in Peć and Prizren sanjak.
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