2016, vol. 54, br. 4-6, str. 11-40
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Pravo i privredno poslovanje
Law and commercial business
Univerzitet u Beogradu, Pravni fakultet, Srbija + Spoljnotrgovinska arbitraža pri Privrednoj komori Srbije
Sažetak
U ovom radu autor raspravlja pitanje odnosa privredne regulative i privrednog poslovanja. Konstatujući nezamenljivu ulogu države u uređenju privrednog ambijenta i stabilnog pravnog okvira za poslovanje privrednih subjekata, uz evidentnu promenu klasične uloge u smislu potrebe svojevrsnog razvoja prava od tzv. tvrdog prava ka tzv. mekom pravu, autor ističe da ona treba da pruža apsolutne i nepovredive garancije slobodi ugovaranja i zaštiti ugovora, kao i da sama ne narušava ova dva osnovna principa tržišne privrede. U ovom kontekstu autor kritički razmatra stanje regulative u brojnim oblastima privrede, dajući niz predloga za njeno unapređenje: privredna društva, javna preduzeća i javno- privatno partnerstvo, tržište kapitala, zaštita poverilaca posebno kroz saradnju kompanijskog i stečajnog prava. Autor posebno razmatra i potencijalnu odgovornost države kao neugovorne strane, po osnovu zaključenih bilateralnih investicionih sporazuma sa drugim državama o zaštiti stranih investicija, i u tom kontekstu čini niz predloga u pogledu restriktivnijeg uređenja pojma 'investicije', kao i stvarnog značenja tzv. stabilizacione klauzule (klauzule zamrzavanja) u pogledu (ne)promenljivosti pravnog režima postojećeg u momentu zaključenja investicionog ugovora, što posledično utiče na pravni režim i moguće odgovornosti države, pored domaćeg ugovornog partnera.
Abstract
In this article the author discusses the issue of relations between commercial regulations and commercial business. Claiming irreplaceable role of state in regulating of commercial environment and stable legal framework for activities of commercial entities, as well as obvious change of classic role in the sense of need of specific development of law from hard law toward soft law, the author points out that it needs to provide absolute and inviolable guaranties to the freedom of contracting and contract protection, without its own violation of these two basic principles of market economy. In that respect, the author critically observes regulation status in numerous fields of economy giving a variety of suggestions for its improvement: commercial companies, public enterprises and public private partnership, capital market, creditor protection, especially through cooperation of company and bankruptcy law. Also, the author particularly considers potential responsibility of the state as of non-contractual party, based on concluded bilateral investment treaties (BIT) with other countries regarding foreign investments protection and, in that context, suggests more restrictive definition of the notion 'investment', as well as of real meaning of so called stabilization clause (freezing clause) with regard to (un)changeability of legal regime existing in the moment of conclusion of investment contract, what consequently affects legal regime and possible state responsibility, along with domestic contractual party.
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