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2010, vol. 16, br. 1-2, str. 9-20
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Studija o samolečenju pacijenata u ambulantama opšte medicine u Srbiji
Study on patient self-medication in primary health care institutions in Serbia
Petrov Kiurski Milorankaa  , Trifunović Balanović Draganab, Dimitrijević Zorkac, Akulov Dragicad, Radosavljević Nevenkae, Kondić Jovanović Nadeždaf, Janković Snežanag, Protić Milošh, Mihajlović Radmilai, Đorđević Snežanaj, Cimbaljević Biljanak, Aljeti Bejtulal, Stojić Snežanam, Prvanov Dankan, Petrov Savić Gordanao
aDom zdravlja, Zrenjanin bDom zdravlja Voždovac, Beograd cDom zdravlja Zvezdara, Beograd dDom zdravlja, Novi Beograd eDom zdravlja Stari grad, Beograd fZavod za zdravstvenu zaštitu radnika MUP-a, Beograd gDom zdravlja, Obrenovac hDom zdravlja, Zaječar iDom zdravlja, Valjevo jDom zdravlja, Niš kDom zdravlja, Kruševac lDom zdravlja, Bujanovac mDom zdravlja, Novi Sad nDom zdravlja, Pančevo oDom zdravlja, Šabac
e-adresa: petrovkiurski@nadlanu
Ključne reči: samolečenje; lekovi i pomoćna lekovita sredstva
Sažetak
Uvod. Pod samolečenjem se podrazumeva upotreba lekova, drugih lekovitih sredstava i pomagala bez preporuke lekara. Cilj rada. Sagledati veličinu pojave samolečenja, ispitati u kakvom je odnosu sa polnom, starosnom i obrazovnom strukturom ispitanika i utvrditi razloge. Metod. Formiran je Upitnik o samolečenju pacijenata kao osnovni instrument istraživanja. Istraživanje je sprovedeno tokom pet radnih dana (4. do 8. maja 2009.) među pacijentima u ambulantama opšte medicine u domovima zdravlja na teritoriji cele Srbije. Pre popunjavanja Upitnika pacijenti su dobili obaveštenje o istraživanju i svojim potpisom dali pismenu saglasnost da u njemu učestvuju. Rezultati. Upitnik je popunilo 8.778 ispitanika oba pola, prosečne starosti 53,8 ± 18,94 godine iz Beograda, Zrenjanina, Pančeva, Novog Sada, Niša, Valjeva, Zaječara, Obrenovca, Kruševca, Šapca i Bujanovca. Od ukupnog broja, 3.592 osobe su bile muškog i 5.186 ženskog pola i čak 79,78% su se sami lečili. U odnosu na polnu strukturu, samolečenju češće pribegavaju osobe ženskog pola (81,82% žena i 76,74% muškaraca). Osobe koje su se same lečile statistički su značajno mlađeg životnog doba. Što se tiče kvalifikacione strukture, najveći procenat ovih pacijenata je sa višom i visokom školom (82,44%). Najčešći razlog za samolečenje je dostupnost lekova i lekovitih sredstava bez recepta u apotekama, a potom da zbog velikih gužvi ne mogu da dođu do svog izabranog lekara kada im je potrebno. U samolečenju se najčešće koriste biljni preparati (58,22%) i lekovi (47,44%). Stepen obrazovanja nema uticaja na izbor sredstava za samolečenje. Pri opredeljivanju za pomoćna lekovita sredstva, pacijenti se najčešće rukovode ubeđenjem da su ona manje štetna od lekova (39,47%) i radi preventive (37,20%). Zaključak. Samolečenje je veoma zastupljeno kod naših pacijenata, za šta se opredeljuju uglavnom osobe mlađeg životnog doba. Najčešći razlog za samolečenje je dostupnost lekova i lekovitih sredstava bez recepta u svim apotekama, a potom velike gužve kod izabranih lekara. Ono što zabrinjava jeste da skoro polovina pacijenata koji se sami leče - koristi lekove (47,44%). Neophodna je podrška zdravstvenih profesionalaca u edukaciji o samolečenju, naročito u pretrpanom sistemu zdravstvene zaštite, kao i radi većeg uključivanja pojedinaca u brizi o sopstvenom zdravlju.
Abstract
Introduction: Self-medication can be defined as obtaining and consuming drugs without prescription or the advice of the physician. Aim: To describe and analyze self-medication patterns, and determine its prevalence and correlation with gender, age and education of patients, and to find the reason for self- medication. Method: The principal investigation tool was a questionnaire about selfmedication. The survey was conducted over the five days period (4th to 8th of May 2009) amongst the patients in the primary health care centers throughout Serbia. Before filling in the questionnaire, patients were informed about the investigation. By written signature, they agreed to participate in the investigation. Results: Sample consisted of 8778 patients, 3592 male and 5186 female, aged 53,8 ± 18,94 years, residing in Belgrade, Zrenjanin, Pancevo, Novi Sad, Nis, Valjevo, Zajecar, Obrenovac, Krusevac, Sabac and Bujanovac. The prevalence of self-medication was 79.78%. Women (81.82% females and 76.74% males) and young people are more prone to self-medication. Majority of those had high or university education (82.44%). The most frequent reason for self-medication was ease in obtaining drugs and other support remedies, which could be purchased in the pharmacy, without prescription. The other reason is crowd in Health centers and the impossibility of reaching doctor when one is needed. The most popular way of self-medication are herbal remedies (58.22%) and drugs (47.44%). The level of education had no influence on choice of medication or other self-care products. Patients tend to choose support remedies more then drugs because of common belief that they are less harmful and should be used as prevention. Conclusion: Self-medication is widely practiced by our patients, mostly young ones. The main reason is the possibility to buy medications at the pharmacies without prescription and to escape waste of time at the overcrowded doctor's waiting rooms. The most worrisome fact is that 47.44% of the patients who practice self-medication use drugs. This study indicates the need for an education campaign on proper medication use.
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