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2012, vol. 18, br. 3-4, str. 70-77
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Kvalitet života pacijenata sa dijabetes melitusom tip 2
The quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
aUniverzitet u Banjoj Luci, Medicinski fakultet, Republika Srpska, BiH bUniverzitet u Istočnom Sarajevu, Medicinski fakultet, Foča, Republika Srpska, BiH
e-adresa: mirkos@inecco.net
Sažetak
Uvod. Kvalitet života je važan zdravstveni ishod i predstavlja konačni cilj svih zdravstvenih intervencija. Dijabetes melitus značajno utiče na kvalitet života oboljelih. Cilj rada. Ispitati kvalitet života pacijenata oboljelih od dijabetes melitusa tip 2 u odnosu na dužinu trajanja bolesti i stepen glikoregulacije. Metod. Istraživanje je prospektivno-deskriptivna studija, provedena metodom anketiranja pacijenata oboljelih od dijabetes melitusa tip 2, registrovanih u dva tima Edukativnog centra porodične medicine Doma zdravlja Banja Luka, i uzimanjem podataka iz njihovih zdravstvenih kartona u periodu od 01.08. - 31.12.2011. godine. U istraživanju je korišćen SF- 36 upitnik za procenu kvaliteta života i upitnik koji sadrži podatke o starosti, polu, dužini trajanja bolesti, indeksu telesne mase (BMI), vrednostima glikemije i glikoziliranog hemoglobina (HbA1c). Prema dužini trajanja bolesti, ispitanici su podeljeni u tri grupe. Prva grupa je uključila pacijente koji imaju oboljenje pet ili manje godina, druga pacijente koji imaju oboljenje 6 do 13 godina i treća grupa pacijente koji imaju dijabetes 14 godina ili duže. Rezultati. Istraživanjem je obuhvaćeno 95 pacijenata obolelih od dijabetes melitusa tip 2 - 42 (44%) muškarca i 53 (56%) žene. Ciljne vrednosti HbA1c (<6,5 mmol/L) imalo je 13 ispitanika, vrednosti od 6,6 do 7,5 mmol/L 44 ispitanika, a vrijednosti veće od 7,5 mmol/l 38 ispitanika. U odnosu na dužinu trajanja bolesti, nije pronađena statistički značajna razlika između formiranih grupa ispitanika ni u jednoj oblasti funkcionisanja. Statistički značajna razlika u odnosu na stepen glikoregulacije pronađena je u sledećim oblastima funkcionisanja: energija/zamor (p=0,006); emocionalno funkcionisanje (p=0,008); socijalno funkcionisanje (p=0,040) i bolovi (p=0,042). Zaključak. Dužina trajanja bolesti ne utiče na kvalitet života pacijenata obolelih od dijabetes melitusa tip 2. Stepen glikoregulacije utiče na kvalitet života. Međutim, pacijenti sa najboljom glikoregulacijom nisu imali i najbolji kvalitet života.
Abstract
Introduction: Quality of life is an important health outcome in its own right, representing the ultimate goal of all health interventions. Diabetes mellitus significantly affects the quality of life of patients. Objective: To evaluate the quality of life in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus in relation to the duration of the disease and the degree of glycemic control. Method: A prospective - descriptive study was conducted by interviewing patients with diabetes mellitus type 2, registered with two family medicine practices based at Family Medicine Teaching Center Banja Luka, as well as taking data from their medical records, during the period of 01.08 - 31.12.2011. As the instruments for this research the questionnaire SF-36 (for assessing the quality of life) and general questionnaire that contained data on age, sex, disease duration, Body Mass Index (BMI), glucose and HbA1c values were used. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the duration of the disease. The first group included patients with a disease duration of up to 5 years, the second group with disease duration of 6-13 years and a third group of patients who have had diabetes 14 or more years. Results: The study included 95 patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus. There were 42 (44%) male patients and 53 (56%) female patients. The HbA1c values taken from the patient's health records were used as a parameter for the control of diabetes. The target HbA1c value of <6.5 mmol/L was found in only 13 patients, with a HbA1c 6.6 to 7.5 mmol/L in 44 patients, and a HbA1c value of over 7.5 mmol/L in 38 patients. In relation to the duration of disease, statistically significant differences between the formed groups in any of the functional areas were not found. Among patients in the groups formed according to the degree of glycemic control statistically significant differences were found in the following areas of functioning: energy/fatigue (p=0.006), emotional functioning (p=0.008), social functioning (p=0.040) and pain (p=0.042). Conclusion: The duration of the disease does not affect the quality of life of patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus, but degree of glycemic control is affecting the quality of life in patients. However patients with the best glycemic control did not have the best quality of life.
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