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2013, vol. 19, br. 1-2, str. 26-30
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Biološki i genotoksični monitoring integralni deo prediktivnog i preventivnog medicinskog nadzora dece koja žive u zagađenim područjima
Biological and genotoxic monitoring as integral part of predictive and preventive medical surveillance of children living in polluted area
Sažetak
Uvod. Mnogi elementi i njihova jedinjenja, prisutni u okruženju predstavljaju značajan rizik po zdravlje izloženih pojedinaca i doprinose opterećenju društva bolestima. Primer za jednu od ovih crnih tačaka koja je razorila zdravlje ljudi je topionica olova i cinka u Velesu (R. Makedonija) očigledno je da postoji rizik po zdravlje sa dovoljno dokaza za zagađenje prirodne sredine, kao i uticaj viših nivoa olova u krvi odabrane dece Cilj rada. Registrovati i definisati ambijentalne rizike po zdravlje dece u Velesu Metod. U ovoj studiji upoređujemo dve grupe od 100 dece (u proseku stare 10 godina). Eksponirana grupa su deca koja žive u Velesu (kontaminirano područje), a kontrolna grupa deca koja žive u selu Ivankovci. Rezultati. Studentov t-test pokazuje značajnu razliku (t=15,14; p<0,001) između prosečnih koncentracija olova u vazduhu u Velesu (0,94 mg/m3) i Ivankovcima (0,03 mg/m3); statistički značajnu razliku između prosečnih koncentracija olova u krvi eksponirane grupe (37,27 μg/ml) i kontrolne grupe (18,20 μg/ml), statistički značajnu razliku između prosečnih koncentracija hemoglobina u eksponiranoj grupi (deca koja žive u Velesu) i kontrolnoj grupi i drugih hematoloških parametara između dve grupe. Diskusija. Značaj ovih rezultata pokazuje da su deca izložena mešavinama, a ne jednoj hemikaliji. Ova kompleksnost je najvažniji razlog zbog kog mešavine nisu dobro proučene. U ovoj studiji su ilustrovani neki principi i pristupi koji mogu da se koriste u proučavanju efekta mešavina. Multidisciplinarna razrada teme ukazuje na potrebu ozbiljnijeg pristupa ovom značajnom fenomenu (genotoksikološkom uticaju teških metala), a takođe predstavlja specifičan model primenljiv u drugim sličnim istraživanjima. Zaključak. Registrovane promene su reverzibilnog karaktera. Nije registrovana manifestna pojava bolesti zbog još uvek uspešnih kompenzatornih mehanizama kod ispitivane dece.
Abstract
Introduction: Presence of many elements and their compounds in the environment pose a significant health risks to the exposed individuals and contributes to the burden of disease in society. An example for one of these black points which destroyed the health of the people is lead and tine smelter in Veles (city in R of Macedonia). It is obvious that there is environmental-health risk with enough evidence for the pollution of the environment, as well as impact of higher blood level of lead in selected children. Objective: To registered and define the environmental health risk on children in Veles. Method: In this study we compare two groups of 100 children (average 10 years old). Exposed group comprised children living in Veles (contaminated area), and control group were children who live in village Ivankovci. Results: Student’s t-test indicates statistically significant differences (t=15.14; p<0.001), between average concentration of lead in the air in Veles (0.94 mg/m3) and Ivankovci (0.03 mg/m3); statistically significant differences (t=5.74; p<0.001), between average concentrations of BLL (37.27 μg/ml) in exposed group and control group (18.20 μg/ml); statistically significant differences (t=2.35; p<0.05), between average concentrations of hemoglobin in exposed group (children who live in Veles) and control group and the other hematological parameters between two groups. Discussion: The significance of these results show that children are exposed to mixtures rather than single chemicals. This complexity is a major reason why mixtures are not well studied. In this study are illustrated some of the principles and approaches that can be used to study the effects of mixtures. The multidisciplinary elaboration of the topic, suggests the need for a more serious approach to this important phenomenon (genotoxicological impact of heavy metals) and also is a specific model that is capable of application in other related research. Conclusion: Registered changes had reversible character. Manifested signs of disease were not registered, because of yet successful compensatory mechanisms in the examined children.
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