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2019, vol. 53, br. 4, str. 1429-1441
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Instrumenti zaštite potrošača u finansijskim uslugama na makro i mikro planu u mađarskom pravu
The micro-and macro level instruments of financial consumer protection in Hungarian law
Sažetak
U radu se razmatraju pravna pitanja zaštite potrošača u Mađarskoj. Njegova svrha je da ukaže na aktuelne probleme pravne zaštite potrošača, kao i na njihov uticaj na svakodnevni život. Greške u sistemu finansijskog posredovanja stvaraju rizik značajnije neravnoteže u strukturi ekonomskog sistema, zbog čega potrošači finansijske institucije više ne smatraju pouzdanim. U pogledu definicije pojma potrošača, autori ukazuju na različita shvatanja u doktrini i prikazuju neka rešenja usvojena u mađarskom pravu. Ekonomski razvoj je nezamisliv bez usluga finansijskih institucija. Ovo je razlog zbog kojeg potrošači ponekada moraju da trpe normativna rešenja u finansijskom sektoru koja smatraju nepravičnim. U radu se posebna pažnja posvećuje funkciji regulatornog tela u zaštiti potrošača, merama kojima se ona ostvaruje, s posebnim osvrtom na nove makroprudencijalne instrumente. Iskustvo je pokazalo da postoji potreba za ublažavanjem regulative zaštite potrošača u finansijskim uslugama, kada za to postoji javni interes. Postoje različite mere za zaštitu prava potrošača, uključujući instrumente u sistemu finansijskog nadzora, mehanizam alternativnog rešavanja sporova, kao i aktivnost Finansijskog arbitražnog veća i finansijskog ombudsmana.
Abstract
The study deals with the legal questions of Hungarian consumer protection. The purpose of the paper is to reflect on nowadays issues of financial consumer protection and to demonstrate how does it affect everyday life. A malfunctioning monetary intercessory scheme is likely to give a rise to major imbalance in the structure of economy; therefore, consumers lose their persuasion in the reliability of financial institutions. Concerning the definition of consumer, the authors call out the contentious fields of the whole area of law while sketching some solutions of the Hungarian regulation. It is inevitable to be aware that without the services of financial institutions, the economic development is unimaginable. That is the reason why financial consumers have toface with injustices in most cases, concerning the monetary sector. The study puts injustice great emphasis on the consumer protectionist role and on the tools of the supervision, underlining the newly regulated macroprudential instruments. Based on experience, there is a need for softening the regulation of financial consumer protection, as long as it is an important, not just an individual-related question. There are different solutions for defending the rights of consumers, including the tool system of the financial supervision, the alternative dispute settlement conducted by the Financial Arbitration Board and the office of the financial ombudsman.
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