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2018, vol. 43, br. 3, str. 11-25
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Ventili kao upravljačke komponente hidrostatičkih sistema
Control components of hydrostatic and hydraulic systems: The valves
aUniverzitet u Beogradu, Mašinski fakultet bUniverzitet u Beogradu, Poljoprivredni fakultet
e-adresa: epetrodr@agrif.bg.ac.rs
Projekat: Unapređenje biotehnoloških postupaka u funkciji racionalnog korišćenja energije, povećanja produktivnosti i kvaliteta poljoprivrednih proizvoda (MPNTR - 31051)
Sažetak
Efikasnu, ekonomičnu i samoodrživu savremenu poljoprivrednu tehniku teško je, pored niza drugih agroekoloških, tehničkih ekonomski i drugih zahteva, zamisliti bez širokog uključivanja manuelnih, mehaničkih, hidrauličkih, pneumatskih, električnih, analognih i digitalnih sistema upravljanja, kao i njihovih usklađenih međusobnih aktivnosti vezanih za prenos snage (energije) i upravljačkih signala. U ovom radu su prikazani najčešće korišćeni tipovi ventila u hidrauličkim sistemima. Literatura prikazuje više klasifikacija ventila, prema konstrukciji, nameni itd., pri čemu se čak i isti tip ventila nekada svrstava u različite grupe. Zato su nekada i ventili svrstani u okviru istog klasifikacionog kriterijuma, mogu međusobno značajno razlikovati. Iz navedenih razloga, ovaj prikaz je organizovan principijelnim svrstavanjem ventila u četiri osnovne grupe, prema osnovnim namenama, mada postoje i drugačije podele prema nameni ventila. Ostale klasifikacije, prisutne u dostupnoj literaturi, samo su preliminarno komentarisane. U ovom radu su opisani i analizirani osnovni elementi konstrukcije najvažnijih tipova ventila, navedene njihove najbitnije tehničko-operativne karakteristike, opisani bazni funkcionalni principi i tehnička ograničenja, te date smernice i preporuke za njihovu optimalnu primenu u poljoprivrednoj tehnici.
Abstract
Modern agricultural engineering involves the wide application of hydraulic and pneumatic systems for the transmission of power (energy) and control signals. This paper presents the most commonly used types of valves in hydraulic systems. In the literature, more classification of hydraulic valves is reported, according to their construction, purposes, etc., which, even within the same classification criteria, sometimes strongly differ one from the another. Therefore, this presentation is organized by principled valve assignment into four basic groups based on purpose, although there are other divisions according to the purpose of the valve. Other classifications, although present in the available literature, have not been commented in detail, due to space constraints. In this manuscript, the basic elements of the construction of the most important types of valves are described and analyzed, their most important characteristics are described, the base functional principles and technical limitations described, and the given guidelines and recommendations for their optimal application.
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