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2012, br. 43, str. 159-167
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Poređenje uticaja životnih ciklusa polipropilenskih kutijica različitih zapremina na životnu sredinu
Comparison of life cycle assessment for different volume polypropylene jars
Sažetak
Pri odabiru ambalaže balansira se između tehnološkog, ekonomskog, marketinškog i ekološkog optimuma. Sve ove zahteve potrebno je zadovoljiti u što većoj meri. Čest je slučaj da se ekonomski i ekološki najopravdanija rešenja poklapaju. U ovom radu je, sa ekološkog stanovišta, analizirana opravdanost upotrebe ambalaže veće zapremine, uz primenu softvera za procenu uticaja životnog ciklusa. Sakupljeni su podaci o vrstama i potrošnji materijala i energije u procesu pakovanja i distribucije jednog tipa kreme za ruke, koji su uneseni u softver za izračunavanje inventara životnog ciklusa i procenu uticaja životnog ciklusa na okolinu. Uočeno je da je ukupni inventar masa veći za ciklus polipropilenskih kutijica od 350 mL, u odnosu na kutijice od 200 mL. Razlaganjem inventara na pojedine tokove i nakon analize slabih tačaka sistema uočeno je da u oba ciklusa (polipropilenske kutijice od 200 i 350 mL) dominira potrošnja sveže vode, koja se najvećim delom (oko 95%) troši u postupku proizvodnje kutijica brizganjem iz granulata polipropilena. Poređenjem postupka brizganja, uočeno je da je inventar za ovaj proces, kao i potrošnja sveže vode, manja kod brizganja kutijica od 200 mL. Analogno inventaru životnog ciklusa, uticaj životnog ciklusa ambalaže za pakovanje kreme za ruke na globalno zagrevanje veći je za ciklus kutijica od 350 mL. Rezultati ovog rada su pokazali da je u analiziranom slučaju ekološki prihvatljivija ambalaža manje zapremine. Da bi se dalje uticalo na smanjenje uticaja ambalaže na životnu sredinu potrebno je raditi na uštedi materijala i proizvodnji polipropilenskih kutijica manje mase, uvesti recikliranje materijala odbačenih kutijica i raditi na optimizaciji procesa proizvodnje kutijica metodom brizganja.
Abstract
When deciding what packaging is the most appropriate for a product there are many factors to be considered. One of them is the impact of the packaging on environment. In this work, life cycle inventory and life cycle assessment of two different volume packagings were compared. The data were collected on the types and amounts of materials and energy consumption in the process of packaging and distribution of hand cream packed in polypropylene jars of 200 and 350 mL. Life cycle inventory (LCI) and life cycle impact assessment (LCA) were calculated. It was found that the total mass flow was higher for the jars of 350 mL. After analyzing individual flows, it was found that in both cycles (polypropylene jars of 200 and 350 mL),the consumption of fresh water was a dominant flow. This fresh water flow is mostly (95%) consumed in the injection molding process of manufacturing jars from polypropylene granules. The LCA analysis showed no significant difference in global warming potential between different volume jars. The process that mostly affected global warming was the production of polypropylene jars from polypropylene granules by injection molding for both jar volumes. Judging by the global warming potential, there is no difference of the environmental impact between investigated jars, but considering the mass flow and water consumption, more environmental friendly were the 200 mL jars.
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