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2019, vol. 47, br. 4, str. 831-840
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Industrija 4.0 i industrijske revolucije - jedna procena na osnovu na teoriji kompleksnosti
Industry 4.0 and industrial revolutions: An assessment based on complexity
aUniversity of Minho, Centro Algoritmi, Portugal + University of Minho, School of Engineering, Portugal bUniversity of Minho, Centro Algoritmi, Portugal + University of Minho, School of Engineering, Department of Production and Systems Engineering, Portugal cFederal University of Recôncavo da Bahia (UFRB), Center for Teacher Training (CFP), Department of Rural Education and Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brazil dUniversity of Minho, Centro Algoritmi, Portugal + University of Minho, School of Engineering, Portugal + Polytechnic Institute of Cávado and Ave, School of Technology, Portugal + Polytechnic of Porto, School of Engineering, Porto, Portugal eFederal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Department of Agronomic and Engineering, Brazil
e-adresa: hcc@isep.ipp.pt
Projekat: This work has been supported by FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia within the Project Scope: UID/CEC/00319/2019.
Sažetak
Evolucija društva može biti povezana sa industrijskim revolucijama. Revolucije su fenomeni koji remete i transformišu i koji se menjaju i koji su u interakciji sa nekoliko sistema. Industrijske revolucije zavise od promena u naučnim i pretežno tehnološkim paradigmama i zahtevaju učešće ljudi. One nisu stvorene samo sa individualnim političkim namerama, jer su to kolektivni i kompleksni sistemi. Izraz Industrija 4.0, stvoren u Nemačkoj 2011. godine, označava takozvanu četvrtu industrijsku revoluciju. Pitanje koje se razmatra u ovom radu je da li je Industrija 4.0, kao četvrta industrijska revolucija, stvarno u toku ili je to još samo vizija budućnosti? Ovaj rad analizira, sa stanovišta nauke o kompleksnosti, transformacije i odnose industrijskih sistema sa drugim izabranim sistemima. Analiza je urađena kroz fraktalnu analizu koristeći indikatore četiri zemlje, odnosno Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva, Sjedinjenih Američkih Država, Nemačke i Kine. Imajući u vidu evoluciju rasta stanovništva, bruto domaći proizvod po glavi stanovnika, komunikacione tehnologije i intelektualnu svojinu, rezultati analize pokazuju da je faktor koji se ističe zaštita intelektualne svojine. Analiza prethodnih pokazatelja pokazala je da nije moguće tvrditi da je u toku četvrta industrijska revolucija, što znači da Industrija 4.0 može biti vizija budućnosti. Dobijeni rezultati ne mogu se smatrati zaključnim što znači da je potrebno više istraživanja.
Abstract
The evolution of society can be related to industrial revolutions. Revolutions are disruptive and transformative phenomena that change and interact with several systems. Industrial revolutions depend on changes in scientific, and mostly technological, paradigms and require people's participation. They are not only created with individual political intentions, because they are collective and complex systems. The expression Industry 4.0, created in Germany in 2011, denotes the so-called fourth industrial revolution. The question considered in this paper is whether Industry 4.0, as the fourth industrial revolution, is effectively underway or is it still only a vision of the future? This article analyses, from the point of view of the science of complexity, the transformations and the relations of industrial systems with other selected systems. It was made through fractal analysis using indicators of four countries, namely, United Kingdom, United States of America, Germany and China. Considering the evolution of population growth, Gross Domestic Product per capita, communication technologies and intellectual property, the results of the analysis show that the factor that stands out is the protection of intellectual property. The analysis of the previous indicators showed that it is not possible to claim that the fourth industrial revolution is underway, implying that Industrial 4.0 may still be a vision of the future. The results obtained can not be considered conclusive and more research is needed.
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