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2017, vol. 46, br. 2, str. 1-14
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Obezbeđenost lekarskim kadrom u Republici Srbiji od 2000. do 2014. godine
Supply with doctor personnel in Serbia, 2000 to 2014
Ključne reči: zdravstveni profesionalci/radnici; lekari; obezbeđenost lekarskim kadrom
Keywords: health care professionals/workers; supply of medical staff; physician density
Sažetak
Da bi zdravstveni sistem adekvatno funkcionisao potrebno je obezbediti dovoljan broj zdravstvenih profesionalaca, njihovu ravnomernu geografsku raspoređenost, kao i pravovremeno i adekvatno obnavljanje radne snage. Cilj rada je da se sagleda obezbeđenost lekarskim kadrom u Srbiji, ukupno i po okruzima, kao i u odnosu na druge države. Analizirani su promene broja lekara u periodu 2000‒2014. godina, promene strukture lekarskog kadra u odnosu na pol, starost, specijalnost i opterećenost. Metod rada: Izvršena je retrospektivna analiza podataka o lekarskom kadru u državnim zdravstvenim ustanovama u Republici Srbiji iz Plana mreže za period 2000‒2014. godina. Kao izvor podataka korišćeni su statistički godišnjaci Institut za javno zdravlje 'Dr Milan Jovanović Batut' i podaci iz popisa stanovništva. Rezultati: Ukupan broj zaposlenih u zdravstvenim ustanovama u Srbiji u posmatranom periodu je smanjen sa 114.129 na 109.237 (za 4,3%). Broj lekara je povećan sa 19.698 na 20.645 (za 4,8%). Broj doktora medicine je povećan za 13,4%, broj lekara specijalista za 5,9%, dok je broj lekara na specijalizaciji smanjen za 10,2%. Na jednog doktora medicine dolazi oko 5 lekara specijalista. Oko 2/3 zaposlenih lekara su žene. Postoji neravnomerna geografska obezbeđenost lekarskog kadra. Najbolju obe zbeđenost imaju: Nišavski, Beogradski i Šumadijski okrug gde su univerzitetski centri. Ukoliko se isključe univerzitetski centri, uočava se veliki raspon između okruga (Sremski okrug sa samo 188 lekara / 100.000 stanovnika, a Zaječarski sa 337 lekara / 100.000 stanovnika). U 2014. godini u Srbiji je bilo 307 lekara / 100.000 stanovnika, što je ispod proseka za države evropskog regiona, kao i za države članice OECD i članice Evropske unije. Zaključak: I pored centralizovanog planiranja kadra, u državnim zdravstvenim ustanovama u Srbiji i dalje postoje velike geografske razlike u obezbeđenosti lekarskim kadrom.
Abstract
In order to have a properly functioning health system, it is necessary to ensure a sufficient number of health workers, their uniform geographic distribution, as well as timely and adequate renewal of the workforce. The aim is to examine the medical staff supply in Serbia, in total and by districts, as well as in relation to other countries. We analyzed the trends of change in the number of doctors in the last 15 years, the structure of the medical staff in relation to gender, age and specialty, as well as workload. Methods: Information was obtained through retrospective analysis of medical personnel in public health institutions in Serbia from the Plan network for the period from 2000 to 2015. As a source of data, the statistical yearbooks of the Institute for Public Health 'Dr Milan Jovanović Batut' were used, together with data from the Census of Population. Results: The total number of employees in health institutions in Serbia in the last 15 years has been reduced from 114,129 to 109,237 (4.3%). The number of doctors has increased from 19,698 to 20,645 (4.8%). Number of generalist practitioners has increased by 13.4%, the number of specialists by 5.9%, while the number of residents decreased by 10.2%. At a single generalist practitioner comes about 5 medical specialists. About 2/3 of employed doctors are female. There is uneven geographical supply with medical personnel. The best supply have: Nišavski district, Belgrade district and Šumadija district where are university centers. Excluding university centers, a huge range can be seen between the districts (Srem district with only 188 doctors/100,000 inhabitants, whereas Zaječarski district has 337 doctors/100,000 inhabitants). In 2014, in Serbia there were 307 doctors/100,000 inhabitants, which is below the average for the countries of the European region, as well as OECD members and EU Member States. Conclusion: Despite the centralized planning of staff in Public health institutions in Serbia, there are still large geographical differences in the provision of the medical staff.
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