2020, vol. 49, br. 1, str. 75-86
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Razvojna ekonomija u borbi protiv siromaštva
Development economics in the fight against poverty
Sažetak
Iskorenjivanje siromaštva u svim oblicima jedan je od osnovnih ciljeva održivog razvoja Ujedinjenih nacija. U tom kontekstu, ne iznenađuje odluka Švedske kraljevske akademije nauka da Nobelovu nagradu u oblasti ekonomije za 2019. godinu dodeli ekonomistima koji su svoje istraživačke napore usmerili upravo u ovom pravcu. Nagradu su, naime, osvojili Abidžit Banerdži, Ester Diflo i Majkl Kremer, "za svoj eksperimentalni pristup ublažavanju globalnog siromaštva". Izučavajući različite faktore svakog pojedinačnog problema, kao i ponašanje subjekata u prirodnoj sredini, metodom randomizovanih kontrolisanih ispitivanja (randomized controlled trials - RCTs), ovo troje naučnika došlo je do konkretnih, praktično primenljivih zapažanja. Kombinacija ovih uvida sa razumevanjem lokalnog i institucionalnog konteksta pruža solidne smernice za razvojne politike i povećava sposobnost međunarodnih razvojnih organizacija i institucija da u postavljenim rokovima zabeleže vidljiv učinak u ublažavanju globalnog siromaštva.
Abstract
Eradicating poverty in all its forms is one of the fundamental goals of the United Nations' plan for sustainable development. In this context, it is not surprising that the Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences has decided to award the 2019 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences to the economists who have focused their research efforts in this direction. Namely, Abhijit Banerjee, Esther Duflo and Michael Kremer won the award "for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty". By examining the different factors of each individual problem, as well as the behaviour of subjects in the natural environment, using the method of randomised controlled trials (RCTs), these three scientists came to concrete, practically applicable observations. The combination of these insights and an understanding of the local and institutional context provides solid guidance for development policies and enhances the capacity of international development organisations and institutions to record a visible impact in alleviating global poverty within the set deadlines.
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