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2019, vol. 11, br. 3, str. 543-552
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Piter Ajzenman i mogućnost estetskog formalizma
Peter Eisenman and the possibility of an aesthetic formalism
Sažetak
Formalna razmatranja predstavljaju srž aspekta rada Piter Ajzenmana (Peter Eisenman). Može se tvrditi da su ona jedina dosledna tema njegovog rada, i zasnivaju se na konceptu da je arhitektura posredovanje izmedju otelovljenog unutrašnjeg sveta ljudskih bic'a i spoljnog fizičkog sveta koji naseljavamo. Ajzenman tako daje "konceptualnu", a ne percepcijsku osnovu, pri čemu su univerzalni formalni odnosi važniji od čulnih aspekata. Na taj način arhitektura ostaje kao sintaktička radnja zasnovana na razumu i logici, s očiglednim formalnim odnosima kao glavnim opravdanjem. Razumevanje i razvoj inherentnog formalnog jezika postaje glavni cilj takvog pristupa, a značenje se zanemaruje u svom spoljašnjem karakteru s pozivanjima na društvene, istorijske ili druge reprezentativne osobine. U ovom radu raspravlja se o Ajzenmanovim pogledima na arhitektonski formalizam kroz sferu estetike. Budući da je tokom karijere zanemario estetska razmatranja, posebno lepotu, korisno je istražiti i ispitati njegov stav o svojstvima arhitekture kao načinu da opravda svoje tvrdnje o prednosti formalnosti. Data analiza zasniva se na formalističkim teorijama Nika Zangvila (Nick Zangwill) i na taj način prednost je data formalno-prostornim svojstvima arhitektonskog objekta onako kako o njima sudi osoba. To bi moglo da vrati rasprave o formalističkoj estetici u arhitektonsku teoriju i da donošenje suda o kvalitetu arhitekture bude formalno pitanje.
Abstract
Formal considerations constitute the core aspect of Peter Eisenman's work. Arguably, they are the only consistent theme of his work, and are based on the concept that architecture is a mediation between the embodied internal world of human beings and the external physical world which we inhabit. Eisenman thus gives form a 'conceptual' rather than perceptual basis, whereby universal formal relationships are more important than sensual aspects. This leaves architecture as a syntactic operation based on reason and logic, with apparent formal relationships as is its main justification. The understanding and development of an inherent formal language becomes the main goal in such an approach, and meaning is disregarded in its extrinsic character with a reference to social, historical or other representational traits. In this paper I am discussing Eisenman's views on architectural formalism through the scope of aesthetics. Since he disregarded aesthetic considerations throughout his career, especially beauty, it is fruitful to explore and examine his stance on the properties of architecture as a way to justify his claims of formal primacy. I am basing my analysis on Nick Zangwill's formalist theories, and thus giving primacy to the formal-spatial properties of the architectural object as being judged by the human subject. This could bring back the discussions of formalist aesthetics to architectural theory and makes the judgment of architectural quality a formal issue.
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