2019, vol. 11, br. 3, str. 427-440
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Studija biološkog koncepta u arhitektonskoj misli - poređenje 'Der Raum als Membran' (1926) i 'Metabolizma' (1960)
A study of the biological concept in architectural thought: A comparison between 'Der raum als membran' (1926) and 'Metabolism' (1960)
Projekat: This research was conducted in part by a grant-in-aid for Topic-Setting Programme to Advance Cutting-Edge Humanities and Social Sciences Research by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, and 2018 DNP Foundation for Cultural Promotion Graphic Culture Research Grant.
Sažetak
Ova studija analizira biološki uticaj na arhitekturu u 20. veku fokusirajući se na dve posebne biološke arhitektonske misli; "Der Raum als Membran (Prostor kao membrana)" Zigfrida Ebelinga (Siegfried Ebeling) iz 1926. godine i "Metabolizam" grupe japanskih arhitekata iz 1960. godine. Prvo se razmatra "Der Raum als Membran". Ebeling je arhitekturu ili prostor video kao biološku membranu, poput kože ili ćelije i izneo je teoriju biološke arhitekture. On nije samo u urbano planiranje uveo ovu biološku metaforu sa fleksibilnošću membrane, već' je ugradio i biološki koncept poput Umwelt-a. Nakon toga istražuje se manifest pod nazivom "Metabolizam", koji je 1960. pripremila grupa japanskih arhitekata. Oni su mislili da zgrade i urbani dizajni postoje protkani egzistencijom i metabolizmom, što je osnovna funkcija živih bića, i predložili su promenljive i raznolike arhitekture sa dinamičnim vremenskim rasponima. Upoređujući ove biološke arhitektonske koncepte, ističem tri glavne sličnosti: 1) širenje biološkog koncepta ka arhitekturi; 2) ćelija kao metafora; i 3) dinamične zgrade ili urbani dizajn. Iako su autori imali različite biografije, svi su u svoje vreme uveli nove arhitektonske ideje.
Abstract
This study analyzes the biological influence on the architecture in the 20th century by focusing on two particular biological architectural thought; "Der Raum als Membran (Space as Membrane)" by Siegfried Ebeling in 1926 and "Metabolism" by a group of Japanese architects in 1960. First, I discuss "Der Raum als Membran". Ebeling saw architecture or space as a biological membrane, like skin or a cell, and he proposed a theory of biological architecture. He not only introduced into planning an environment this biological metaphor with its flexibility of a membrane but also incorporated a biological concept like Umwelt. Second, I investigate a manifesto by the name of "Metabolism", which was produced in 1960 by a group of Japanese architects. They thought buildings and urban designs had an existence and underwent metabolism, which is a basic function of living things, and proposed variable and proliferate architectures having dynamic time spans. By comparing these biological architectural concepts, I point out three main similarities: 1) the expansion of the biological concept into architecture; 2) the cell as a metaphor; and 3) dynamic buildings or urban design. Although the authors had different backgrounds, all of them introduced new architectural ideas in their own times.
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