Predictors of physical activity in early adolescence: The contribution of physical fitness and physical self-concept

Radisavljević-Janić, Snežana; Lazarević, Ljiljana B.; Lazarević, Dušanka; Milanović, Ivana

doi:10.5937/fizkul2002000R

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Fizička kultura

2020, vol. 74, br. 2, str. 140-151

Prediktori fizičke ativnosti u ranoj adolescenciji - doprinos opšte fizičke forme i fizičkog self-koncepta

Radisavljević-Janić Snežana^a

, Lazarević Ljiljana B.^b

, Lazarević Dušanka^a

, Milanović Ivana^a

^aUniverzitet u Beogradu, Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja, Srbija
^bUniverzitet u Beogradu, Filozofski fakultet, Srbija

e-adresa: snezana.radisavljevic@fsfv.bg.ac.rs

Projekat:

Efekti primenjene fizičke aktivnosti na lokomotorni, metabolički, psiho-socijalni i vaspitni status populacije R Srbije (MPNTR - 47015)
Identifikacija, merenje i razvoj kognitivnih i emocionalnih kompetencija važnih društvu orijentisanom na evropske integracije (MPNTR - 179018)
Unapređivanje kvaliteta i dostupnosti obrazovanja u procesima modernizacije Srbije (MPNTR - 47008)

Ključne reči: motoričke sposobnosti; fizičko samo-opažanje; Indeks mase tela; pol; adolescencija

Sažetak

Brojni empirijski dokazi ukazuju na veliki značaj fizičke aktivnosti (FA) za zdravlje i blagostanje ljudi. Ipak, istraživanja pokazuju da širom sveta dolazi do pada FA kod mladih. Rana adolescencija je posebno osetljiv period jer tada deca usvajaju zdrave navike i grade pozitivan stav prema FA. Ispitivanje značaja i doprinosa potencijalnih faktora ukupnoj FA u ranoj adolescenciji je od teorijske i praktične važnosti. Stoga, cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da istraži validnost opšte fizičke forme i fizičkog self-koncepta u predviđanju ukupne FA u ranoj adolescenciji, uzimajući u obzir pol i Indeks mase tela (BMI). Uzorak je činilo 417 učenika osnovnih škola (54,9% dečaka), prosečne starosti 13,6 godina (DS = 0.73) koji učestvuju u redovnim časovima fizičkog vaspitanja, tri puta nedeljno. Fizički self-koncept je meren pomoću Upitnika fizičkog samoopisivanja (PSDQ). Za procenu svakodnevne fizičke aktivnosti korišćen je Upitnik o fizičkoj aktivnosti adolescenata (PAQ-A). Antropometrijska merenja obuhvatala su visinu i masu tela ispitanika. Opšta fizička forma (fleksibilnost, snaga abdominalnih mišića i eksplozivna snaga donjih ekstremiteta, kao i kardiorespiratorna izdržljivost) je merena pomoću EUROFIT baterije testova. Hijerarhijska regresiona analiza je pokazala da fizički self-koncept predviđa 35% varijanse FA, povrh pola i dimenzija opšte fizičke forme. Značajni prediktori FA bile su dimenzije fizičkog self-koncepta: fizička aktivnost, sportska kompetentnost i izdržljivost. Značajna interakcija pola i samopoštovanja je ukazala na to da je veće samopoštovanje imalo značajnu ulogu u nivou FA samo kod muških adolescenata. Glavni nalaz istraživanja je da fizički self-koncept igra presudnu ulogu u predviđanju nivoa ukupne FA adolescenata u ranoj adolescenciji. Rezultati podržavaju nalaze koji pokazuju da interventni programi usmereni na poboljšanje FA treba da podstaknu pozitivan fizički self-koncept adolescenata odgovarajućim sadržajem i procedurama.

Abstract

Vast empirical evidence suggests a high significance of physical activity (PA) for health and well-being. Still, researches show a decline of PA in youth worldwide. Early adolescence is a particularly sensitive period because then children adopt healthy habits and build a positive attitude towards PA. Examining the significance and contribution of potential factors to overall PA in early adolescence is of theoretical and practical relevance. Thus, this study aimed to explore the validity of physical fitness and physical self-concept in the prediction of overall PA in early adolescence, taking into account gender and Body Mass Index (BMI). The sample consisted of 417 primary school students (54.9% boys), the average age 13.6 years (SD=0.73) who participate in regular physical education classes three times per week, each class 45 minutes. Physical self-concept was measured using the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire (PSDQ). To assess everyday physical activity, we used the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A). Anthropometric measurements included the body height and bodyweight of the respondents. Physical fitness, i.e., flexibility, muscular strength (abdominal endurance strength and lower-limb explosive strength), and cardiorespiratory endurance were measured using the EUROFIT test battery. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that physical self-concept predicts 35% of the variance of PA over and above gender and dimensions of physical fitness. Significant predictors of physical activity were dimensions of physical self-concept: Physical Activity, Sports Competence, and Endurance. The interaction of Gender and Self Esteem contributed significantly indicating that higher Self Esteem had a significant role in the level of PA only in male adolescents. The main finding is that physical self-concept plays a crucial role in the prediction of the level of overall PA in which early adolescents will be engaged. The results support findings showing that intervention programs aimed to improve PA should encourage positive physical self-concept of adolescents with appropriate content and procedures.

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O članku

jezik rada: srpski, engleski
vrsta rada: izvorni naučni članak
DOI: 10.5937/fizkul2002000R
primljen: 29.12.2020.
prihvaćen: 07.05.2021.
objavljen onlajn: 07.09.2021.
objavljen u SCIndeksu: 26.01.2022.
metod recenzije: dvostruko anoniman

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