2014, vol. 52, br. 10-12, str. 23-51
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Sporazumni izbor merodavnog prava (autonomija volje stranaka) za stvarna prava na pokretnim stvarima
Party autonomy to choose the law governing proprietary rights in movable tangible assets
Univerzitet u Kragujevcu, Pravni fakultet
Keywords: lex situs; limited party autonomy; interests of commercial intercourse and interests of parties; conflict mobile; cross-border disposals of movable property; res in transitu; Serbian Draft PIL Code
Sažetak
U ovom radu se ispituje opravdanost i dopuštenost autonomije volje stranaka u stvarnopravnim odnosima sa elementom inostranosti koji za predmet imaju pokretne stvari. Autor, najpre, polazi od vladajućeg stanovišta u literaturi koje u prvi plan stavlja razloge u prilog isključive primene pravila lex rei sitae (zaštita interesa prometa i očuvanje međunarodne harmonije odlučivanja) i zalaže se za zabranu autonomije volje u stvarnopravnim odnosima. Nakon toga, autor iznosi stanovište koje afirmiše autonomiju volje u ovoj materiji i kao glavne razloge u prilog njene dopuštenosti ističe zaštitu interesa stranaka i sprečavanje nastanka mobilnog sukoba zakona. Autor, zatim, poklanja pažnju rešenjima zakona o međunarodnom privatnom pravu Švajcarske i Holandije koji predstavljaju retke primere zakonskog uređenja autonomije volje za stvarna prava na pokretnim stvarima u uporednom pravu. Analizirajući suprostavljene stavove u literaturi i pomenuta zakonska rešenja, autor detaljno obrazlaže svoj stav o autonomiji volje u stvarnopravnim odnosima, ističući da pravilo lex rei sitae i dalje treba da bude primarno koliziono pravilo, a da se autonomiji volje može dati usko polje primene - ona mora biti ograničena, kako u pogledu kruga izaberivih merodavnih prava tako i u pogledu situacija u kojima se primenjuje (res in transitu), i treba da ima inter partes dejstvo. Na kraju, autor analizira nova koliziona pravila za stvarna prava na pokretnim stvarima iz Nacrta novog Zakona o međunarodnom privatnom pravu Srbije kojima se uvodi autonomija volje stranaka za res in transitu.
Abstract
In this paper author deals with questions of justification and determination of parties' freedom to choose the law governing proprietary rights in movables assets. Author starts his research with presentation of doctrinal view that considers that party autonomy has to be prohibited because the interests of commercial intercourse and protection of the rights of third parties imply the exclusive application of lex situs rule. After that, author represents another doctrinal view that supports party autonomy in this field of private international law, emphasizing the benefit of contracting parties and evasion of conflit mobile problem as main reasons for permitting the party autonomy, and analyses the conflict rules of Netherland PIL Act and Swiss PIL Act that contain the special rules for party autonomy in international property law. Analysing the different views in literature and the rules of forementioned acts author forms his own view on permission of party autonomy in international property law with the conclusion that lex situs rule must be the primar conflict rule and party autonomy may have the limited scope of application with inter partes effects. At the end, author deals with the conflict rules of the Serbian Draft of new Code on Private International Law that introduce the party autonomy for proprietary rights in res in transitu.
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