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2021, vol. 30, iss. 2, pp. 129-135
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Reaction of tomato, pepper, sunflower and soybean plants to low doses of nicosulfuron
Reakcija paradajza, paprike, suncokreta i soje na niske količine nikosulfurona
Keywords: drift; off-target movement; crop injuries; herbicide micro-rates
Ključne reči: zanošenje herbicida; oštećenja useva; mikro količine herbicida
Abstract
Drift is the movement of plant protection product droplets through the air and can affect any non-target organism or the environment. In fact, there are three possible scenarios that can be considered as an off-target movement: particle drift, volatility, and contamination of the spray tank. Significant damages that can occur as a consequence of drift are damages to neighbouring crops, environmental pollution, lower level of efficiency of the applied herbicide. Meanwhile, in the case of tank contamination, injuries can occur only in the treated field. In order to examine the negative consequences of nicosulfuron drift, four crops were grown in a greenhouse and treated with low doses of herbicide, after which they were returned to cultivation. After 21 days, the effects of applied treatments were assessed through visual assessment of injury, dry weight, leaf height, and leaf area. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that low doses of nicosulfuron expressed different effects on the tested plants and that it is necessary to take precautionary measures to prevent herbicides from spreading to neighbouring plants.
Sažetak
Drift predstavlja zanošenje kapljica sredstava za zaštitu bilja kroz vazduh, pri čemu mikro količine tih sredstava mogu uticati na bilo koji neciljni organizam ili životnu sredinu. Postoje tri moguća scenarija neciljnog kretanja pri kojima se mogu očekivati oštećenja biljaka mikro količinama herbicida, a to su: drift čestica (Eng. particle drift) koji nastaje kretanjem sa vazdušnim strujama/vetrom, zanošenjem koje nastaje kao posledica isparavanja (volatility) i kao posledica kontaminacije rezorvoara prskalice. Značajna oštećenja koja mogu nastati kao posledica driftu su oštećenja susednih useva, zagađenje životne sredine, niži nivo efikasnosti primenjenog herbicida, dok u slučaju kontaminacije rezorvoara oštećenja mogu nastati samo u tretiranom polju. U cilju ispitivanja negativnih posledica zanošenja nikosulfurona, biljke paradajza, paprike, suncokreta i soje su gajene u stakleniku i tretirane niskim količinama primene herbicida, a nakon 21. dana ocenjeni su efekti primenjenih tretmana vizuelnom ocenom, kao i merenjem suve mase, visine i površine listova. Soja se pokazala kao najtolerantnija na nikosulfuron za razliku od paprike koja je bila najsotljivija na niske količine herbicida. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata može se zaključiti da su niske količine primene herbicida različito uticale na ispitivane biljke i da je potrebno preduzeti mere opreza da se spreči zanošenje herbicida na susedne biljke.
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