2019, vol. 68, br. 1, str. 36-44
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Predlog mera desalinizacije ekstremno zaslanjenih zemljišta Vojvodine
Proposal for desalinization of highly saline soils of Vojvodina
Sažetak
Cilj istraživanja je, utvrđivanje metoda i tehnoloških postupaka desalinizacije zemljištu visokog saliniteta, gde jer ECo < 40 mmhos/cm na 25oC. Bitan kriterijum izbora prioriteta u reklamaciji slatina je i investiciona vrednost po 1 ha meliorisane površine. Ova grupa zamljišta zahteva veliki obim reklamativnih mera, pa je i cena izvođenja reklamativnih radova visoka. Uslova realizacije procesa kompeksnih melioracija je postojanje irigacionodrenažnih sistema sa adekvatnom infrastrukturom za navodnjavanje, sa otvorenm kolektorska mrežom i poljskom drenažom. Dinamika tehnološkog postupka reklamacije zemljišta traje 24 meseca. Razlika između trajanja reklamativnog postuopka je u vremenu trajanja inicijalnog ispiranja, što je određeno brojem ispirnih normi-aplikacija, te intervalima između aplikacija. U slučaju Klase III - zemljišta ekstremnog saliniteta, vreme ispiranja jedinice površine je 80 dana (Vojvodina). Skraćena dinamika inicijalnog ispiranja soli, znači i manji obim mehaničke reklamacije pre i u toku perioda ispiranja, kao i redukovanje radova na izradi unutrašnje infrastrukture, što je uzrokovana brojem ispirnih normi, kao i smanjenjog obima kontrole saliniteta.
Abstract
In this work the priority in desalinization have been given to the soils belonging to high salinity content, classified in salinity class III, i.e. ECo<40 mmhos/cm at 25o C. The main criterion of priority selection towards the land reclamation of "Slatinas" is investment value per 1 ha of a reclaimed soil. These groups of soils require high range of reclamtive measures and procedures, so that consequently the land reclation execution costs would be pretty high. The basic condition in land Reclamation process is an existence of an adequate irrigation and drainage sysytems with a proper infrastructure for irrigation with open colectror network as well as the field drainage system. Dinamic of a Land reclamation technological procedure lasts 24 months. A differences between reclalamative procedure duration-time scheduling, depends on initial salt leaching lasting. This would be defined by the numbers of salt leaching rates, i.e. water applications and intervals between each application. When III salinity class is concerned-soils of extremily salinity, a leaching time duratiuon will be 80 days (Vojvodina). By shortening the initial salt lraching duration, couses a limited volume of mechanical reclamation measures, before and in the course of the leaching process too. The above will couse a significant reduction of the intermal infrastructural works, influenced by the numbers of initial salt leaching norms and shortening the volume of salinity control after the leaching activities complition.
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