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2016, vol. 73, br. 10, str. 904-909
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Osetljivost na antibiotike i proizvodnja β-laktamaza kod Bacillus cereus izolata iz stolice pacijenata, hrane i okoline
Antimicrobial susceptibility and β-lactamase production in Bacillus cereus isolates from stool of patients, food and environment samples
aVojnomedicinska akademija, Institut za mikrobiologiju, Beograd, Srbija + Univerzitet odbrane, Medicinski fakultet Vojnomedicinske akademije, Beograd, Srbija bUniverzitet u Nišu, Medicinski fakultet, Srbija cUniverzitet odbrane, Medicinski fakultet Vojnomedicinske akademije, Beograd, Srbija + Vojnomedicinska akademija, Institut za epidemiologiju, Beograd, Srbija dUniverzitet odbrane, Medicinski fakultet Vojnomedicinske akademije, Beograd, Srbija + Vojnomedicinska akademija, Institut za higijenu, Beograd, Srbija eUniverzitet u Beogradu, Medicinski fakultet, Institut za ortopedsko-hirurške bolesti 'Banjica', Srbija fInstitute of Public Health, Niš
e-adresa: dejsav@yubc.net
Sažetak
Uvod/Cilj. Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) koji se u organizam čoveka unosi uglavnom putem hrane, može izazvati dva tipa oboljenja: povraćanje usled prisustva emetičkog toksina i dijarealni sindrom, usled prisustva dijarejnih toksina. Moguće su i sistemske manifestacije. Teže forme bolesti zahtevaju lečenje antibioticima. Cilj ove studije bio je da se ispitata osetljivost na antibiotike i utvrdi proizvodnja β-laktamaza kod sojeva B. cereus izolovanih iz stolice ljudi, hrane i okoline. Metode. B.cereus je identifikovan primenom selektívne podloge, klasičnog biohemijskog testa i metodom lančane reakcije polimeraze (PCR) pomoću prajmera specifičnih za bal gen. Iz svake grupe analizirana je osetljivost na antibiotike kod 30 izolata, disk-difuzionom metodom. Proizvodnja β-laktamaza rađena je Cefinaza testom i duplom disk metodom. Rezultati. Kod svih sojeva identifikovanih kao B. cereus primenom biohemijskog testa, metodom PCR umnožen je fragment od 533 bp. Izolati iz sve tri grupe bili su osetljivi na imipenem, vankomicin i eritromicin. Na ciprofloksacin su bili osetljivi svi sojevi osim jednog iz okoline. Statistički značajna razlika između grupa utvrđena je za osetljivosti na tetraciklin i trimetoprim-sulfametoksazol. 28/30 (93,33%) uzoraka iz hrane i 25/30 (83,33%) uzoraka iz okoline bili su osetljivi na tetraciklin, dok je samo 10/30 (33,33%) uzoraka stolice bilo osetljivo. Nasuprot ovim rezultatima, visoka osetljivost na trimetoprim-sulfametoksazolutvrđena je kod uzoraka iz stolice i iznosila je 100%, dok je kod izolata iz hrane i okoline bila niža i iznosila je 63,33% i 70%. Svi izolati proizvodili su β-laktamaze. Zaključak. Izolati B. cereus iz sve tri grupe pokazali su visoku osetljivost na većinu testiranih antibiotika, osim na tetraciklin iz uzoraka poreklom iz stolice i na trimetoprim/sulfametoksazol iz uzoraka hrane i okoline. Produkcija β-laktamaza potvrđena je za sve izolate.
Abstract
Background/Aim. Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) usually ingested by food can cause two types of diseases: vomiting due to the presence of emetic toxin and diarrheal syndrome, due to the presence of diarrheal toxins. Systemic manifestations can also occur. The severe forms of disease demand antibiotic treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the differences in antibiotic susceptibility and β-lactamase activity of B. cereus isolates from stools of humans, food and environment. Methods. Identification of B. cereus was performed with selective medium, classical biochemical test and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers specific for bal gene. Thirty isolates from each group were analysed for antibiotic susceptibility using the disk-diffusion assay. Production of β-lactamase was determined by cefinase test, and double-disc method. Results. All strains identified as B. cereus using classical biochemical test, yielded 533 bp fragment with PCR. Isolates from all the three groups were susceptible to imipenem, vancomycin, and erythromycin. All isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin but one from the environment. A statistically significant difference between the groups was confirmed to tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole sensitivity. A total of 28/30 (93.33%) samples from the foods and 25/30 (83.33%) samples from environment were approved sensitive to tetracycline, while 10/30 (33.33%) isolates from stools were sensitive. Opposite to this result, high susceptibility to trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole was shown in samples from stools (100%), while isolates from foods (63.33%) and from environment (70%) had low susceptibility. All samples produced β-lactamases. Conclusion. The strains of B. cereus from all the three groups showed high rate of sensitivity to most tested antibiotics, except to tetracycline in samples from human stool and to trimethoprim- sulphamethoxazole in samples from food and environment. The production of β-lactamases was confirmed in all the strains.
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