Starting from the undeniable fact that security is a primary interest and a key presumption for the development of contemporary societies, understanding and assessing current and future events in the near and further environment and their impact on the security of the Republic of Serbia are of the utmost importance in defining the framework of its conceptual and strategic preparation for the protection of vital national interests. There is a great number of factors that exert and will continue to exert in the long term their influence on the security of the Republic of Serbia and its environment. Namely, more and more powerful contours of the multipolar international order and the emergence of new global actors in world politics, the crisis of the idea of a global society and the return of realpolitical forms to international politics, the energy resources vicinity of the rich, and also unstable Arab-Persian and Caspian basins, the conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East, the serious identity crisis and endangering of the European Union internal cohesion, as well as the migrant crisis - surely represent unavoidable factors that will affect political and security processes in the closer and further surroundings of the Republic of Serbia. The projection of the security trends and challenges that accompany the process of the Balkan socialization as the territory that remains, in security sense, the most sensitive part of the European continent, will have a strong reflection on defining the long-term commitment of the Republic of Serbia. The problems of Kosovo, Macedonia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, as potentially the most explosive problems of the Balkan security, as well as the complexity of the socioeconomic and political context of the Balkan societies, in particular their unchanged ethnic and religious distance, make the process of turning the Balkans from the conflict area into the place of lasting peace more difficult. Furthermore, considering trends in perception and practice of security, especially in the manner modern armed conflicts are managed and the revolution of the military activity, as well as their long-term projection, is of the utmost importance in defining the strategic framework of the security of the Republic of Serbia, mainly the instruments for protection of its security.