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2017, vol. 6, br. 2, str. 51-55
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Azot i fosfor kao indikatori promena u ekosistemu Dunav u Srbiji
Nitrogen and phosphorus as indicators of changes in the Danube ecosystem in Serbia
aUniverzitet u Nišu, Tehnološki fakultet, Leskovac, Srbija bUniverzitet u Beogradu, Tehnički fakultet u Boru, Srbija
e-adresa: 282ivana@gmail.com
Projekat: Biljni i sintetički bioaktivni proizvodi novije generacije (MPNTR - 34012)
Ključne reči: zagađenje vode; ukupni azot; ukupni fosfor; ekosistem Dunava
Sažetak
Procena zagađenja vode Dunava u ovoj studiji sprovedena je na osnovu sadržaja ukupnog azota (N) i ukupnog fosfora (P) u uzorcima prikupljenim sa tri merne stanice na Dunavu u Srbiji. Stanice su odabrane sa namerom da se prikažu tri tačke toka reke kroz Srbiju, odnosno ulazni, središnji i izlazni deo toka reke. Vrednosti indikatora nutrijenata posmatrane su kao prosečne godišnje vrednosti na svakoj stanici, u periodu od 2013. do 2015. godine i upoređene su sa graničnim vrednostima propisanim Pravilnikom o graničnim vrednostima zagađivača u površinskim i podzemnim vodama i sedimentima. Pored toga, u radu je prikazan i trogodišnji trend promena vrednosti posmatranih parametara kako bi se utvrdila izvesna zakonitost u promenama sadržaja azota i fosfora u vodi. Takođe, uzete su u obzir i fluktuacije vrednosti na mesečnom nivou i predstavljene su u ovom radu kako bi se uočila sva moguća odstupanja i trendovi promena u toku jedne godine. Rezultati dobijeni u radu pokazuju da su koncentracije nutrijenata premašile propisane granične vrednosti, što kvalitet vode reke Dunav svrstava u klasu III (prema važećim propisima u Srbiji) i ukazuje na zagađenje Dunava nutrijentima na posmatranim lokacijama. Trogodišnji trend promena ukazuje na tendenciju linearnog rasta sadržaja nutrijenata u vodi ekosistema Dunav, i, posledično, ugrožavanje kvaliteta vode, što je znak za uzbunu i poziv na urgentno implementiranje odgovarajućih zaštitnih mera.
Abstract
The assessment of the Danube water pollution in this study was conducted based on the content of total nitrogen (N) and total phosphorus (P) in the water samples collected from three measuring stations on the Danube River in Serbia. The stations were selected with the intention to depict the three points of the flow of the river through Serbia, namely, the input, center and output profile of the river. The values of the indicators of nutrients were observed annually in the time period from 2013 to 2015, as the average value of monthly measurements at each station, and compared with the limit values prescribed by the Regulations on limit values of pollutants in the surface and ground waters and sediments. In addition, the paper presents the three-year trend of changes in the value of the observed parameters in order to determine certain regularity of changes in the content of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water. Also, fluctuations in the value on a monthly basis are also taken into consideration and are presented in this paper in order to see all possible deviations and trend of changes per annum. The results obtained in this paper showed that nutrient concentrations have exceeded prescribed limit values which put the water quality of the Danube River into class III according to current regulations in Serbia, indicating the nutrient pollution of the Danube at the observed locations. The three-year trend of changes points to the tendency of the linear growth of nutrients in the aquatic ecosystem of the Danube which are endangering the quality of water, and this is an alarm signal and urgent call for the implementation of appropriate protective measures.
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