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2020, vol. 37, br. 3, str. 231-240
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Uticaj oralnog zdravlja na kvalitet života kod bolesnika starije životne dobi
The impact of oral health on the quality of life in elderly patients
Univerzitet u Nišu, Medicinski fakultet + Univerzitet u Nišu, Medicinski fakultet, Stomatološka klinika
e-adresa: kosticmilena76@gmail.com
Projekat: This work was supported by the Internal project of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Serbia. No. 1114629-4/11.
Sažetak
Loša higijena i bolesti zuba i oralnih tkiva mogu uticati na sve aspekte života bolesnika. Cilj istraživanja bilo je utvrđivanje subjektivne ocene oralnog i opšteg zdravlja bolesnika i njihovog uticaja na kvalitet života bolesnika starije životne dobi. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 46 bolesnika, korisnika gerijatrijskog centra, kojima su postavljana pitanja iz trodelnog upitnika. Prvi deo upitnika odnosio se na osnovne socio-demagrafske podatke. Drugi deo upitnika bio je modifikovani Oral Impacts of Daily Performance (OIDP), nakon čega je sledila procena opšteg i oralnog zdravlja od strane bolesnika. Likertovom petostepenom skalom (1 - 5) utvrđivana je frekvencija, utvrđivan je intenzitet nastalih poteškoća i utvrđivana je subjektivna procena zdravstvenog stanja. Na osnovu modifikovanog OIDP upitnika utvrđeno je da svi bolesnici imaju neku poteškoću, koja je posledica oralnih tegoba. Čak 86,96% bolesnika imalo je poteškoće u jelu i uživanju u hrani, smejanju i pokazivanju zuba bez nelagodnosti, kao i u uživanju u druženju sa drugim ljudima, zbog oralnih tegoba. Bolesnici sa krezubošću pokazivali su veće vrednost OIDP skorova u odnosu na bezube, ali na osnovu Studentovog t-testa nezavisnih uzoraka, nije utvrđena statistički značajna razlika. OIDP skorovi nisu zavisili od pola, bračnog statusa, kao ni od obrazovne strukture bolesnika. Ispitanici sa ozbiljnijim poteškoćama imali su i statistički signifikantno veću potrebu za stomatološkim intervencijama. Poboljšanjem oralnog zdravlja i čestim stomatološkim pregledima mogle bi se unaprediti funkcije orofacijalnog sistema, izgled i samopouzdanje bolesnika, što bi pozitivno uticalo i na njihov socijalni život.
Abstract
Poor oral hygiene and diseases of the teeth and oral tissues can affect all aspects of patients' lives. The aim of the study was to determine the subjective assessment of oral and general health and their impact on the quality of life in elderly patients. The research included 46 patients, geriatric center users, who were asked questions from a three-part questionnaire. The first part of the questionnaire referred to the basic sociodemografic data. The second part of the questionnaire was the modified Oral Impacts of Daily Performance (OIDP), followed by an assessment of general and oral health by the patient. Likert's five-step scale (1 - 5) determined the frequency and intensity of the difficulties encountered, as well as the subjective assessment of the state of health. Based on the modified OIDP questionnaire, we found that all patients had some difficulties due to oral complaints. Even 86.96% of patients, due to with the existence of oral symptoms, experienced eating disorders, difficulties in enjoying food, laughing and showing teeth without any discomfort, as well as enjoying socializing with other people. Patients with partial edentulism had higher OIDP scores than edentulous patients. OIDP scores did not depend on sex, marital status, or on the educational structure of patients. Respondents with serious difficulties had a statistically significantly higher need for dental interventions. Improvement of oral health and frequent dental examinations could improve the functions of the orofacial system, the appearance and self-confidence of patients, which would have a positive impact on their social life.
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