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2022, vol. 23, br. 3, str. 121-131
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Značaj optimizacije roka sjetve za morfološke osobine i prinos zrna inbred linija kukuruza
Importance of sowing date optimization for morphological properties and grain yield of maize inbred lines
aInstitut za kukuruz 'Zemun polje', Beograd-Zemun, Srbija bInstitut za zaštitu bilja i životnu sredinu, Beograd, Srbija cUniverzitet u Prištini sa privremenim sedištem u Kosovskoj Mitrovici, Poljoprivredni fakultet, Lešak, Srbija
e-adresa: mtabakovic@mrizp.rs
Projekat: Ministarstvo prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije (institucija: Institut za kukuruz 'Zemun polje', Beograd-Zemun) (MPNTR - 451-03-68/2020-14/200040)
Ministarstvo prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije (institucija: Institut za zaštitu bilja i životnu sredinu, Beograd) (MPNTR - 451-03-68/2020-14/200010)
Ministarstvo prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije (institucija: Univerzitet u Nišu, Tehnološki fakultet, Leskovac) (MPNTR - 451-03-68/2020-14/200133)
Sažetak
Ovo istraživanje je imalo za cilj da utvrdi uticaj rokova sjetve na morfološka svojstva i prinos zrna kukuruza. Eksperiment je sproveden tokom perioda 2018 (Y1) i 2019 (Y2) godine na jednoj lokaciji u Srbiji (Zemun Polje). Kao materijal korišćene su tri inbred linije, proizvedene u Institutu za kukuruz (Srbija). Sjetva je određena u dva roka, ranije 1. aprila (SD1) i optimalni 20. aprila (SD2). Morfološke osobine klipa su mjerene u laboratorijskim uslovima: masa klipa (EW), masa kočanke (CW), dužina klipa (CL), debljina klipa (CT), masa 1000 zrna (SW) i prinos zrna (GY). Datum sjetve je značajno uticao na morfološka svojstva klipa (p≤0,05). Značajan uticaj na varijabilnost osobina imala je i interakcija faktora. Trofaktorijalna analiza varijanse pokazuje da tretman SD1Y1 u varijanti sa inbred linijama ZP1 i ZP3 imaju veći prinos (6,28 t ha-1 , 7,05 t ha-1 ). Dalje, težina 1000 zrna u sva tri genotipa bila je veća u SD1, ZP1 (324,35 g), ZP2 (329,78 g) i ZP3 (326,55 g). Raniji rok sjetve je takođe bio povoljan za težinu klipa. Meteorološke prilike mogu biti manje ili više stresne za ratarske usjeve. Nepovoljni vremenski uslovi mogu se izbjeći ili smanjiti primjenom različitih rokova sjetve.
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the influence of sowing dates on morphological properties and grain yield. The experiment was conducted during 2018 (Y1) and 2019 (Y2) at one location in Serbia (Zemun Polje). Three inbred lines, produced at the Maize Research Institute (Serbia), were used as the material. Sowing was set in two terms, earlier 1 April (SD1) and optimal 20 April (SD2). Morphological properties of the cob were measured in the laboratory conditions: the ear weight (EW), the cob weight (CW), the cob length (CL), the cob thickness (CT), the 1000 kernel weight (SW), and the grain yield (GY). The sowing date significantly affected the morphological properties of the cob (p≤0,05). The interaction of factors also had a significant impact on the variability of traits. Three-way analysis of variance indicates that SD1Y1 treatment in combination with ZP1 and ZP3 inbred lines has a higher yield (6.28 t ha-1 , 7.05 t ha-1 ). Further, the 1000-kernel weight in all three genotypes was higher in the SD1, ZP1 (324.35 g), ZP2 (329.78 g), and ZP3 (326.55 g). The earlier sowing date was also favourable for the cob weight. Meteorological conditions can be more or less stressful for field crops. Adverse weather conditions can be avoided or reduced by applying different sowing dates.
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