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2017, vol. 33, br. 3, str. 361-374
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Akumulacija teških metala i mikroelemenata u lucerki (Medicago sativa L.) gajenoj uz deonicu autoputa E75 Beograd-Leskovac
Accumulation of heavy metals and trace elements in Medicago sativa L. grown along the E75 route section Belgrade-Leskovac
aInstitut za zemljište, Beograd, Srbija bInstitut za stočarstvo, Beograd-Zemun, Srbija
e-adresa: astanojkovic@yahoo.com
Projekat: Proučavanje uticaja kvaliteta zemljišta i voda za navodnjavanje na efikasniju proizvodnju poljoprivrednih kultura i očuvanje životne sredine (MPNTR - 37006)
Sažetak
U deset uzoraka zemljišnog i biljnog materijala duž trase autoputa E 75 kroz Republiku Srbiju, na deonici od Beograda do Leskovca, ispitan je sadržaj teških metala i mikroelemenata i njihova akumulacija u Medicago sativa L. gajenoj na eutričnom kambisolu, radi ocene zdravstvene ispravnosti stočne hrane. Uzorci zemljišta i nadzemnog dela biljnog materijala uzorkovani su sa obe strane kolovoznih traka i to na 10, 30, 50 i 400 m upravno na pravac autoputa. Analiza zemljišnih uzoraka pokazala je da je na lokalitetu L 14, na udaljenosti 30 i 50 metara od kolovoznih traka sadržaj ukupnih formi Cr, Ni i Pb bio iznad maksimalno dozvoljenih koncentracija. U biljnoj masi u uzorku sa lokacije L14 na udaljenosti 50 metara od kolovoznih traka koncentracije Ni i Co su bile više od normalnih vrednosti, a koncentracije Fe i Pb bile su iznad toksičnih vrednosti odnosno maksimalno tolerantnog nivoa za ishranu životinja. Utvrđeni sadržaj Fe u uzorku lucerke na lokaciji L11 udaljenoj 400 m od kolovoznih traka, kao i Ni u uzorku sa lokacije D12 na udaljenosti 50 m od kolovoznih traka, bio je iznad normalnih vrednosti, dok je u uzorku D12 na udaljenosti 30 m od kolovoznih traka sadržaj Pb, bio iznad toksičnih vrednosti, odnosno maksimalno tolerantnih nivoa za ishranu životinja. Dobijeni rezultati upućuju na oprez pri korišćenju lucerke gajene pored trase autoputa za ishranu životinja zbog mogućeg ulaska teških metala u lanac ishrane.
Abstract
The contents of heavy metals and trace elements and their accumulation in Medicago sativa L., cultivated on Eutric cambisol along the E75 route section Belgrade-Leskovac, were examined in order to assess the health and safety of animal feed. The samples of soil and aerial parts of the plant material were collected from both sides of lanes at 10, 30, 50 and 400 m perpendicular to the direction of the highway. Soil and plant analyses of the metals content were done according to ICP methodology. The results showed that at the locality L 14, a distance of 30 and 50 meters away from the lanes, the content of total forms of Cr, Ni and Pb in soil was above the maximum permissible concentration. In the plant biomass it was determined the following: in a sample from the location L 14 at a distance of 50 meters from the lanes concentrations of Ni and Co were higher than normal values, and concentrations of Fe and Pb were above toxic levels or maximum tolerance levels for animal feed; determined Fe content in the sample of alfalfa at location L 11, 400 m away from the lanes, and Ni in the sample from the site D 12 at a distance of 50 m from the lanes, was above the normal values, while in the sample from D12 location, at a distance of 30 m from the lanes, the content of Pb was above the toxic levels or maximum tolerance levels for animal feed. The results suggest a caution in the use of alfalfa, grown near the highway route, for animal feed because of the potential entry of heavy metals into the food chain.
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