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2006, vol. 53, br. 2, str. 347-359
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Agroekološki uslovi i mogućnosti razvoja održive poljoprivrede
Agro ecological conditions and development possibilities of sustainable agriculture
aMegatrend Univerzitet, Fakultet za biofarming, Bačka Topola, Srbija
bPrva privatna ugostiteljska škola, Beograd
Sažetak
Agroekologija kao primenjena nauka povezuje šire prirodne uslove i ukazuje na mogućnost održivog razvoja poljoprivrede i zaštitu agro-ekosistema. U tom cilju u radu se analizira nekoliko relevantnih pitanja. Predhodno se ističu dve osnovne tendencije uticaja agroekoloških uslova i ostvarivanja efekata u razvoju poljoprivrede. Prva tendencija se ispoljava pod uticajem unutrašnjih agroekoloških činioca koji omogućavaju prirodno kruženje organske materije. Druga tendencija se ispoljava pod uticajem modernizacije poljoprivrede koja uslovljava narušavanje odnosa između ekologije i poljoprivredne proizvodnje. Ovi procesi dovode do monikulturne specijalizacije koja nepovoljno utiče na biološko održavanje agroekosistema. U skladu sa prethodnim u radu je sagledan proces oživljavanja prirodne agroekologije i sagledavanja mogućnosti primene metoda održivog razvoja poljoprivrede. Zatim je sagledana agroekologija kao osnova održivih agroekosistema.
Abstract
The World Commission on Environment and Development called attention to the basic changes in human population growth, need for strategies for attaining security in food production and need for conversation of natural resources. Sustainable agriculture goals may be shortly abridged to stable market supply by biologically quality food, on employment of rural population and suppressing of poverty, as well as the management of natural resources and environment protection on local and global level. For the system of such sustainable and organic agriculture, ecology provides basic conditions through the development of diversified agro ecological systems. Integration of plant and animal biodiversity, which improves complex of interaction and synergy, is the advantage. This enables biological regulation of harmful organisms, nutrition circling, biomass production and accumulation. The result of the agro ecological planning is improvement of economical and ecological agro ecology system maintenance. Strategy of sustainable agriculture development is basically based on improvement of conservation and increase of local agricultural resources. Within this, the greatest efforts are necessary for harmonization of environment laws with needs of macro economic policy on national and international levels. In accomplishing of these aims are included new initiatives in education, application of economical stimulations and development of relevant new technologies.
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