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2015, vol. 12, br. 2, str. 35-43
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Određivanje drugog nivoa revizorskih firmi u Republici Srbiji - u potrazi za 'Malom četvorkom'
Defining second-tier audit firms in Serbia: In search of the Small Four
Sažetak
U ovom radu pokušaćemo da definišemo drugi nivo revizorskih firmi u Republici Srbiji. Kako bismo ostvarili cilj rada, analizirali smo 10.555 finansijskih izveštaja pravnih lica koja posluju na teritoriji Republike Srbije, a koji su pripremljeni za period od 2010. do 2012. godine. Od ukupnog pomenutog broja, eksternu reviziju 1.101 izveštaja uradila je 'Velika četvorka', dok je reviziju druge grupe izveštaja uradilo preostalih 38 revizorskih firmi. U cilju definisanja algoritma klasifikacije, kao nezavisnu varijablu upotrebili smo izračunate finansijske pokazatelje, dok smo za zavisnu varijablu koristili tip revizorskog mišljenja koji je izdat od strane 'Velike četvorke'. Primenom metode stabla odlučivanja dobili smo pravila razvrstavanja, koja smo kasnije primenili na uzorku privrednih društava za čiju reviziju su bile zadužene preostale revizorske firme. Na osnovu poklapanja sa kriterijumima 'Velike četvorke' (za koju važi da poseduje visok nivo kvaliteta izvršene revizije), od uzorkovanih revizorskih firmi predložili smo one koje bi činile 'Malu četvorku' u Republici Srbiji. Pored pomenutog, rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na to da 'Velika četvorka' i preostale revizorske firme ne posvećuju podjednaku pažnju pojedinim finansijskim pokazateljima. Mogući razlozi za to su prethodno razmotreni u radu. Na kraju, autori će pokušati da predlože u kom pravcu bi mogla da se kreću buduća istraživanja na ovu temu.
Abstract
In this paper, we aim to define the so-called 'second tier' audit firms in the Republic of Serbia. In order to accomplish that, we have analyzed 10,555 financial statements of legal entities operating on the territory of the Republic of Serbia for the period 2010-2012. The 'Big 4' audit firms have audited 1,101 of the aforementioned financial statements, whereas the rest of the statements have been audited by the remaining 38 audit firms. For the purpose of training a decision tree classification algorithm, a number of calculated financial indicators of audited entities and corresponding audit opinions issued by the 'Big 4' firms have been treated as independent and dependent variables, respectively. The resulting set of rules was then applied to the rest of the sample. Based on the observed level of compliance with the 'Big 4' criteria (which stands for high quality audit), we have subsequently suggested the 'Small 4' audit firms in Serbia. Moreover, the results show that the 'Big 4' firms and the other audit firms assign different importance to independent variables. The paper also discusses possible reasons for that and offers recommendations for future research.
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