2009, vol. 55, br. 6, str. 166-177
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Proizvodnja mleka i mlečnih proizvoda u Republici Srbiji
Production of milk and dairy products in the Republic of Serbia
Institut za ekonomiku poljoprivrede, Beograd, Srbija
Projekat: Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 20111: Standardization of technological procedure in traditional producing Golija cheese with application original bacteria of milk acid in aim to protect geographical mark of origin
Sažetak
Unapređenje proizvodnje hrane je jedan od osnovnih ciljeva svake države kako bi se dostigao viši nivo zadovoljavanja potreba u ishrani stanovništva. U svemu tome, veoma važan resurs za proizvodnju hrane je proizvodnja mleka, pa se toj proizvodnji poklanja odgovarajuća zakonska i institucionalna pažnja. Stočarstvo, a posebno govedarstvo i ovčarstvo, u našoj zemlji imaju dugu tradiciju, a proizvodnja mleka i mlečnih proizvoda bogato nasljeđe. Potencijali za razvoj stočarstva zavise u velikoj meri od određenih prirodnih uslova, površine i strukture korišćenog poljoprivrednog zemljišta, načina organizovanja poljoprivredne proizvodnje, ekonomske i socijalne strukture stanovništva i dostignutog nivoa ekonomske razvijenosti. Daleko ispod prosečan broj svih vrsta stoke u našoj zemlji u odnosu na raspoložive kategorije zemljišta, svedoče o generalno neiskorišćenim resursima u stočarstvu. Istraživanja u ovom radu su usmerena praćenju proizvodnje mleka i proizvoda od mleka u Republici Srbiji za period od 1998-2007. godine. Analizirana je proizvodnja mleka i mlečnih proizvoda no regionima, u Centralnoj Srbiji i Vojvodini, zatim promene u proizvodnji u istraživanom periodu, kao i učešće proizvodnje mleka u Centralnoj Srbiji i Vojvodini, u ukupnoj proizvodnji mleka u Republici Srbiji i bazni indeksi. Takođe je praćen prijem mleka u mlekarama, instalisani godišnji kapaciteti prerade mleka, stepen korišćenja kapaciteta prerade, kao i uvoz i izvoz mleka i mlečnih proizvoda.
Abstract
Improvement of food production is one of the most important aims of any state, in order to reach higher level in satisfying the needs in population feeding. Related to all that, a very important resource for food production is the production of milk, therefore an appropriate law and institutional attention has been paid to that production. Cattle breeding, especially cattle raising and sheep raising, have been having long tradition in our country, and production of milk and dairy products have been having large experience. Potential for cattle breeding development depends significantly on certain natural conditions, the area and structure of agricultural land that has been exploited, the way of organizing agricultural production, economical and social population structure and the reached level in economical development. Far below the average number of all kinds of cattle in our country compared with the available land categories, testify that in general there are unused resources in cattle breeding. Research work presented in this study is oriented toward supervision of milk production and dairy products in the Republic of Serbia for the period 1998-2007. The production of milk and dairy products in regions, in Central Serbia and Vojvodina was analyzed, afterwards changes in production in the period of research, as well as the participation of milk production in Central Serbia and Vojvodina, in total production of milk in the Republic of Serbia and base indexes. Reception of milk in diaries was supervised also, as well as the predicted annual capacity for milk manufacturing, the level of manufacturing capacity exploitation, as well as the export and import of milk and dairy products.
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