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Acta medica Medianae
2007, vol. 46, br. 2, str. 37-44
Epidemiološki i patogenetski aspekti trovanja niklom
Ilić Vladimira, Bojanić Vladmilab, Jović Biljanac
aBonifar, Beograd
bUniverzitet u Nišu, Medicinski fakultet, Katedra Patofiziologija, Srbija
cLaboratorija za biohemiju, Vojna bolnica, Niš

e-adresa: drtroad@gmail.com
Sažetak
Nikl ima veliku zastupljenost u čovekovom okruženju, a po rasprostranjenosti u zemljinoj kori, zauzima dvadeset četvrto mesto. Podaci ukazuju da se godišnje u čovekovu okolinu ubaci oko 150000 tona nikla iz prirodnih izvora i 180000 poreklom od ljudske aktivnosti, pre svega, tokom emisije sagorevanja fosilnih goriva, industrijske proizvodnje i industrijskog otpada bogatog niklom. Čovek je konstantno izložen ovom ubikvitarnom elementu u manjoj ili većoj meri. Ljudska izloženost niklu je najčešća preko inhalacije i ingestije i naročito je visoka kod radnika u metalurgiji koji se bave preradom nikla. Zahvaljujući njegovoj velikoj prisutnosti, deficijentnost nikla se ne javlja, čak je i teško držati dijetu da se ne unosi nikl, zbog velikog prisustva u najrazličitijoj hrani. Respiratorni trakt, bubrezi i jetra, najizloženiji su promenama pri ekspoziciji sa niklom. Najbolje opisane promene na ovim organima su pneumokonize sa niklom, hronični rinitisi i tumori nosnih šupljina i tranzitorna bubrežna nefropatija. Nespecifična simptomatologija se sreće kod oštećenja CNS niklom u vidu glavobolja, mučnine i povraćanja. Pojedina niklova jedinjenja i sam nikl, pored izrazite toksičnosti, ispoljavaju i kancerogene efekte na čoveka.
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jezik rada: srpski
vrsta rada: prethodno saopštenje
objavljen u SCIndeksu: 03.12.2007.

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