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2010, vol. 14, br. 1, str. 1-5
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Glavne osobine semena pšenice (Ttriticum aestivum)
Primary wheat (Triticum aestivum) seed texture
aUniverzitet u Novom Sadu, Poljoprivredni fakultet bDP 'Poljoprivredna stanica', Novi Sad
e-adresa: ljbab@polj.uns.ac.rs
Sažetak
Rezultati istraživanja nekih fizičkih osobina domaćih domaćih selekcija semena pšenice su prikazani u radu. Tri aksijalne dimenzije semena dužina, širina i debljina su rađeni samo pri jednoj vlažnosti mase zrna i to ravnotežnoj vrednosti. Dužina semena Simonide su 5.1-6.0 mm, Dragane 5.1-6.0 mm, a NS 40S su 5.0-5.9 mm. Ostale dve dimenzije su dosta slične za sve tri sorte: širina je od 2.3-2.8 mm, 2.0-3.0 mm i 2,2-3.0 mm za Simonidu, Draganu i NS 40S respektivno. Debljina semena Simonide je od 1.9-2.4 mm, za Draganu 1.9-2.7 mm i sa sortu NS 40S je 2.0-3.4 mm. Ova merenja ukazuju na oblik semena koji je kod svih triju sorti više izduženo elipsoidan nego sferoidan. Ovaj zaključak su potvrdila merenja sferičnosti zrna koja su relativno niskih vrednosti i iznose za Simonidu i Draganu 0.57, dok je kod sorte NS 40S sferičnost 0.6. Nasipne gustine su 791.34 kg/m3, 788.51 kg/m3 and 731.77 kg/m3 za Simonidu, Draganu i NS 40S. Srednja vrednost poroznosti mase semena Simonide je 28.28%, Dragane 31.46% i zy NA 40S je 31.59%. Kada je u pitanju čvrstoća pojedinačnog semena, rezultati kompresionog testa su potvrdili da su Simonida i Dragana tvrde pšenice. Najveća srednja vrednost sile razaranja je bila kod sorte Simonida i iznosila je 244.4 N pri vlažnosti zrna od 13.6%. Sorta Dragana je imala srednju vrednost ove sile od 241.4 N pri vlažnosti od 13.3%, dok je sorta NS 40S imala srednju vrednost sile od 106.8 N pri vlažnosti semena od 14.1%.
Abstract
The results of some physical properties three domestic wheat cultivars are presented in this paper. Three axial dimensions of the seed length, width and thickness were measured only at equilibrium moisture content. The length of Simonida kernel is 5.2-5.7 mm, Dragana 5.1-6.0 mm and NS 40S is 5.0-5.9 mm. The other two dimensions are similar within the varieties: the width is 2.3-2.8 mm, 2.0-3.0 mm and 2.2-3.0 mm for Simonida, Dragana and NS 40S respectively. The thickness for Simonida seed is 1.9-2.4 mm, Dragana has 1.9-2.7 mm and NS 40S kernel dimension is 2.0-3.4 mm. Those surveying indicate that the shape of kernels is rather prolong elliptical then spheroid. This conclusion confirms the sphericity of the grains, so this value for Simonida cultivar is 0.57 as well as for Dragana, while NS 40S seed shpericity is 0.6. The bulk densities are 791.34 kg/m3, 788.51 kg/m3 and 731.77 kg/m3 for Simonida, Dragana and NS 40S. The porosity of Simonida kernels is 28.28%, for Dragana 31.46% and for NS 40S is 31.59%. The results of slow compressive test demonstrate that Simonida and Dragana are hard wheat. The highest value of mean rapture force of 244.4 N was observed for Simonida variety at the 13.6% of moisture content. Cultivar Dragana value of mean rapture force was 241.4 N at 13.3% of moisture content and cultivar NS 40S had mean rapture force of 106.8 N at 14.1% grain moisture content.
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