2012, vol. 49, br. 4-6, str. 285-304
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Pravni tretman kamate u našem stečajnom pravu
Legal treatment of interest in our bankruptcy law
Univerzitet u Beogradu, Pravni fakultet
Sažetak
U težnji ka najpovoljnijem kolektivnom i srazmernom namirenju poverilaca u stečajnom postupku, kamata svakako zauzima značajno mesto. Pri dominaciji načela monetarnog nominalizma u nas, odsustvo prava poverilaca na kamatu, kao vida nadoknade poveriocu usled lišenja izvesne svote novca, štetilo bi ostvarenju načela jednake vrednosti uzajamnih davanja, jednom od osnovnih u obligacionom pravu. Stoga, savremeno stečajno pravo, pa i naše pozitivno, dosta pažnje posvećuje pravu poverilaca na obračun i isplatu kamate u stečajnom postupku, bilo ona ugovorena ili zatezna. Ovo posebno iz razloga što se isprepletanost pravnih i ekonomskih interesa u stečajnom postupku posebno manifestuje kroz postupak namirenja poverilaca u stečajnom postupku koji pored zahteva za naplatom glavnog potraživanja potražuju i kamatu. S obzirom da potraživanje kamate u stečajnom postupku izaziva brojne nedoumice, i pored izuzetnog značaja za pravično namirenje poverilaca, to postoji potreba za razjašnjenjem brojnih pitanja koja se s tim u vezi postavljaju. Otuda će u ovom radu biti razmotren pravni tretman kamate u našem pozitivnom stečajnom pravu, s ciljem da se, zarad zaštite imovinskih interesa poverilaca u stečajnom postupku, ukaže na pozitivnopravna zakonska rešenja, otklone nedoumice proizašle usled neodređenosti zakonskih normi i popune uočene pravne praznine.
Abstract
In the pursuit of the most favorable collective and proportional settlement in bankruptcy proceeding, interest occupies a significant place. With the dominance of the principle of monetary nominalisam in our law, absence creditor right to interest, as a way of compensation due to deprivation of certain amount of money, would prejudice the realization of the principle of equal value of mutual benefits, one of the most fundamental principles of law of obligations. Therefore, modern bankruptcy law, so as our positive, a lot of attention turns to the right of the creditor to the calculation and payment of interest in bankruptcy proceedings, whether its contractual or legal interest. This in particular out of a reason that intertwining of legal and economical interests in bankruptcy proceeding manifest especially trough proceeding of creditors settlement, witch aside of main claim payment demand, also includes interest. Considering the fact that interest payment in bankruptcy proceeding causes numerous concerns, and aside of exceptional significance for righteous reconciliation of creditors, exists the need to clarify numerous questions in this regard. Therefore in this case study will be considered legal treatment of interest in our positive bankruptcy law, in order to indicate of the positive legal regulations, eliminate doubts considering indetermination of legal norms and fill out spotted legal gaps, and all of that for the protection of financial interests of creditors in bankruptcy proceedings.
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