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2016, br. 4, str. 199-217
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Načelo dobre vjere u Evropskom i nacionalnom zakonu o osiguranju
The principle of good faith in European and national insurance law
Faculty of Law, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria + Faculty od Law Sciences, University 'Apeiron', Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
e-adresa: katicatomic123@gmail.com
Sažetak
U posljednjih nekoliko godina tržišta osiguranja postala su dinamičnija zbog deregulacije tržišta osiguranja, globalizacije osiguravajućih ustanova, povećane tržišne konkurencije, tehnološkog napretka, promjena u ponašanju kupaca kao i aktivnost regulatora, a što se povećalo posljednjih nekoliko godina kao posljedica svjetske financijske krize. U svjetlu svjetske financijske krize, usvojene su dodatne mjere usmjerene na jačanje zaštite potrošača u Europi. To uključuje Direktivu o distribuciji za osiguranje (IDD) i Direktivu o tržištu financijskih instrumenata (MiFID II). IDD sadrži brojne nove odredbe u odnosu na Direktivu o posredovanju u osiguranju (IMD Direktiva 2002/92 / EZ), uključujući i novi princip ponašanja za distributere osiguranja da 'uvijek djeluju pošteno, pravedno i profesionalno u skladu s najboljim interesima svojih potrošača'. Glavni koncept ovog pravila je da će osiguranik samo biti u mogućnosti donijeti pravu odluku kada je jasno obavješten o uslugama koje se nude (i rizicima), a distributeri mogu pružati usluge u skladu s najboljim interesima klijenta samo u slučaju ako su u potpunosti upoznati sa vrstom kupaca i njihovim interesima. Većina država članica EU ima pravni sistem civilnog prava , s općom klauzulom o pravičnosti i dobroj vjeri. Države članice Evropske unije moraju implementirati IDD u nacionalna zakonodavstva, stoga je sporno da one same odluče da li je princip ponašanja koje određuje IDD sličan sa postojećim općim odredbama iz nacionalno zakonodavstva, ili je različiti od tih odredbi.
Abstract
In recent years, insurance markets have become more dynamic due to deregulation of insurance industry, globalization of insurance institutions, increased competition, technological progress, changing customer behavior and regulatory activity, which have greatly intensified in recent years in response to the global financial crisis. In the wake of the global financial crisis, additional measures aimed at enhancing consumer protection were passed in Europe. These include the Insurance Distribution Directive (IDD) and the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID II). The IDD contains numerous innovations compared with the Insurance Mediation Directive (IMD Directive 2002/92/EC), including a new conduct requirement for the insurance distributors to 'always act honestly, fairly and professionally in accordance with the best interests of the customer'. The main concept behind this rule is that an insured shall only be able to make right decision when he is clearly informed on services offered (and their risks) and distributors can only provide services to clients in accordance with clients' best interests once they became fully familiar with a kind of a customer that they are dealing with. Most of the EU Member States have a civil law system, with the general clauses of fairness and good faith. EU Member States shall implement the IDD into national law, therefore it is arguable that they should decide whether these standards are mere synonyms of the existing general clauses, or these standards are different from those clauses.
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Reference
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*** (2016) Directive (EU) 2016/97 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 January 2016 on insurance distribution (recast). OJ, L 26, p. 19-59, 2.2.2016 - IDD
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*** (2003) Directive 2002/92/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 December 2002 on insurance mediation. OJ, L 009, p. 3 - Directive 2002/92/EC, 15.1.2003
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*** (1963) Godfrey v Britannic Assurance co. 2 Lloyds Rep 5151
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*** (2014) Article 24 Directive 2014/65/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 on markets in financial instruments and amending Directive 2002/92/EC and Directive 2011/61/ EU. OJ L, 173, 12.6, p. 349-496 - MiFID. MiFID II and delegated Regulation is available at http://ec.europa.eu/finance/securities/isd/mifid2/index_en.htm
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