- citati u SCIndeksu: [6]
- citati u CrossRef-u:0
- citati u Google Scholaru:[
 ]
- posete u poslednjih 30 dana:163
- preuzimanja u poslednjih 30 dana:0
|
|
|
2007, vol. 43, br. 1, str. 225-237
|
|
Doprinos NS sorti krmnih biljaka proizvodnji stočne hrane
Contribution of NS cultivars of forage crops to feed production
Naučni institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad, Srbija
Sažetak
U radu su predstavljena dostignuća u oplemenjivanju krmnih biljaka u Zavodu za krmno bilje Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, u periodu 1947 - 2006. Radom na 9 vrsta krmnog bilja, stvorena je 51 sorta priznata u Srbiji i 7 sorti u inostranstvu. Prvi pro gram oplemenjivanja krmnog bilja u Institutu započet je na lucerki kao najznačajnijoj krmnoj biljci. Može se podeliti u nekoliko ciklusa, koji se odlikuju stvorenim sortama, od kojih su izuzetno raširene u proizvodnji, NS Banat ZMS II i NS Mediana ZMS V. Različitim metodama oplemenjivanja do sada je u Novom Sadu stvoreno 13 sorti lucerke. Nove sorte lucerke (Banat VS i NS Alfa), široke su genetske osnove adaptabilnije od stranih sorti na uslove gajenja u Srbiji, a po prinosu i kvalitetu su bolje. Oplemenjivanje crvene deteline započeto je 90-tih godina prošlog veka i to je najmlađi pro gram u Zavodu za krmno bilje. Za kratko vreme, stvorene su dve NS sorte crvene deteline, Kolubara i Una. Oplemenjivanje jednogodišnjih krmnih mahunarki zasnovano je na očuvanju i održivom korišćenju genetičkih resursa jednogodišnjih krmnih mahunarki oličenih u Zbirci jednogodišnjih krmnih mahunarki, sa naglaskom na oplemenjivanje na prinos krme i zrna kao glavnim pravcima i oplemenjivanjem na povećanje otpornosti na abiotski stres. U oplemenjivanju samooplodnih krmnih mahunarki primenjuju se pedigre metod, balk metod i povratno ukrštanje kao najraširenije metode. Ovim oplemenjivačkim procedurama stvorene su široko poznate sorte ozimog krmnog graška (Pionir), ozime grahorice (Neoplanta), jarog stočnog graška (Junior, Jezero) i jare grahorice (Novi Beograd). Oplemenjivanje krmnih sirkova i sudanske trave vrši se stvaranjem sorti (Titan, Sava, NS Šećerac) i hibrida (NS Čiker i Siloking) izraženog potencijala za visoke i stabilne prinose, koji su pogodni za iskorišćavanje u vidu zelene krme, sena i silaže.
Abstract
This paper describes the achievements of the forage breeding program of the Forage Crops Department of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad from 1946 till 2006. The program has involved work on nine species of forage crops and has produced 51 cultivars registered in Serbia and seven registered abroad. It started with the breeding of alfalfa as the most important forage crop species. The alfalfa part of the program can be divided into several cycles according to the different cultivars that marked each cycle. The most important among these are the cultivars NS Banat ZMS II and NS Mediana ZMS V, which are very widely grown in commercial production and have high yields and excellent quality (Tab. 1 and 2). A total of 13 alfalfa cultivars have been developed so far at the Institute using different breeding methods. The new alfalfa cultivars Banat VS and NS Alfa are characterized by high yields and quality of hay and forage (Tab. 3 and 4). They are better adapted to Serbian growing conditions than the foreign cultivars and are also better than them in terms of yields and quality. The Forage Crops Department started breeding red clover in the 1990s and this is its youngest program. In a short period of time, two red clover cultivars have been developed, Kolubara and Una (Fig. 1 and 2). The Department's breeding of annual forage legumes is based on the preservation and sustainable use of genetic resources from its collection of annual forage le gumes. This part of the program places special focus on breeding for forage and grain yields and also focuses on increased resistance to abiotic stress. Self-pollinated forage legumes are bred by the pedigree method, bulk method and backcrossing. These breeding procedures have been used to develop the widely known MS cultivars of winter forage pea (Pionir), winter vetch (Meoplanta), spring fodder pea (Junior, Jezero), and spring vetch (Movi Beograd), which produce outstandingly high yields of excellent quality (Tab. 5 and 6). Breeding of forage sorghums and Sudan grass consists in developing cultivars (Titan, Sava, MS Šećerac) and hybrids (MS Čiker, and Siloking) that have a large potential for high and stable yields and are suitable for use as green forage, hay and silage (Tab. 7).
|
|
|
|
Reference
|
|
1 
|
Boller, B., Tanner, P., Gunter, S., Schubiger, F.X. (2003) Description and evaluation of a collection of former swiss red clover land races. Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed, 39, str. 31-37
|
|
1 
|
Boller, B., Tanner, P., Gunter, S., Schubiger, F.X. (2004) Mattenklee landraces, a valuable source of genetic variation for red clover breeding. Grassland Science in Europe, 9, str. 386-388
|
|
36 
|
Borojević, S. (1992) Principi i metodi oplemenjivanja bilja. Beograd: Naučna knjiga
|
|
3
|
Bowley, S.R., Taylor, N.L., Cornelius, P.L. (1984) Phenotypic recurrent selection for stem length in 'Kenstar' red clover. Crop Science, vol. 24, br. 3, str. 578-582
|
|
1
|
Brummer, E.C. (2004) Applying genomics to alfalfa breeding programs. Crop Science, 44, str. 904-906
|
|
6
|
Đukić, D., Mihajlović, V., Tomić, Z. (1996) Rezultati oplemenjivanja krmnih biljaka u SR Jugoslaviji na kraju XX veka. Zbornik radova Naučnog instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad, sv. 26, str. 5-16
|
|
23
|
Đukić, D. (2002) Biljke za proizvodnju stočne hrane. Novi Sad: Poljoprivredni fakultet
|
|
1
|
Gaue, R., Ingwersen, B. (2003) Methods and results of red clover breeding at the Nortddeutsche Pflanzenzucht Hans-Georg Lembke KG. Czech Journal of Genetic and Plant Breeding, 39, str. 86-90
|
|
1
|
Herrmann, D., Boller, B., Widmer, F., Kolliker, R. (2003) Genetic characterisation and potential origin of swiss red clover land races (Trifolium pratense L). Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed, 39, str. 120-124
|
|
10
|
Karagić, Đ. (2004) Komponente prinosa, prinos i kvalitet semena lucerke u zavisnosti od sistema kosidbe. Novi Sad: Poljoprivredni fakultet, doktorska disertacija
|
|
6 
|
Katić, S., Đukić, D., Lukić, D. (2002) Morfološke osobine, prinos i hranljiva vrednost lucerke. Zbornik radova Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, br. 36, str. 103-114
|
|
5
|
Katić, S., Vasiljević, S., Milić, D., Lazarević, B., Dugalić, G. (2006) Mogućnost gajenja lucerke i crvene deteline na pseudogleju uz primenu krečnjaka i rizobiuma. Zbornik radova Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, vol. 42, br. 2, str. 31-40
|
|
|
Komisija za priznavanje sorti krmnog bilja (2000) Rezultati ispitivanja novostvorenih i stranih sorti krmnog bilja u oglednom polju i laboratoriji u periodu 1996/97 i 1997/98 godine. Beograd: Ministarstvo poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede Repubike Srbije
|
|
|
Komisija za priznavanje sorti krmnog bilja (2004) Rezultati ispitivanja novostvorenih i stranih sorti krmnog bilja u oglednom polju i laboratoriji u periodu 2002/03 i 2003/04 godine. Beograd: Ministarstvo poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede Repubike Srbije
|
|
14
|
Mihailović, V.M., Mikić, A., Ćupina, B., Erić, P. (2005) Field pea and vetches in Serbia and Montenegro. Grain Legumes, 44, str. 25-26
|
|
4
|
Mihailović, V., Mikić, A., Katić, S., Milić, D., Vasiljević, S., Pataki, I., Ćupina, B. (2006) Directions and recent achievements in breeding annual for age and grain legumes in Serbia. u: COST Action 852 Final Meeting Quality Legume-Based Forage Systems for Contrasting Environments, Gumpenstein, Austria, 30 August - 3 September, 4
|
|
2 
|
Montpetit, J.M., Coulman, B.E. (1991) Responses to divergent selection for adventitious root growth in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Euphytica, 58(2): 119
|
|
|
Novoselova, A.S. (1986) Selekciÿ i semenovodstvo klevera. Moskva: Agropromizdat
|
|
1
|
Parrot, W.A., Smith, R.R. (1986) Recurrent selection for 2n pollen formation in red clover. Crop Science, 26, str. 1132-1135
|
|
3
|
Pataki, I., Mihailović, V., Katić, S., Vasiljević, S., Karagić, Đ., Milić, D., Mikić, A. (2006) Analysis of yield components in forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench) hybrids. u: International Symposium of Ecologists of the Republic of Montenegro (II), Kotor, Montenegro, 20-24 September, 135
|
|
1
|
Simon, U. (1998) Wild red clover (Trifolium pratense L. ssp. spontaneum Willk) a useful component for alternative uses of grass land. u: Meeting of EUCARPIA Fodder Crops and Amenity Grasses Section (21st), Kartause Ittingen, Switzerland, 9-12 September 1997, 123-126
|
|
1
|
Taylor, N.L., Cornelius, P.L., Long, M.G. (1985) Phenotypic recurrent selection for multiple-parted heads in red clover. Crop Science, 25, str. 489-494
|
|
2
|
Taylor, N.L., Beltensperger, D.D., Quesenberry, K.H. (1989) Recurrent half-sib family selection for 2, 4D tolerance in red clover. Crop Science, 29 (5), 1109-1114
|
|
18
|
Taylor, N.L., Quesenberry, K.H. (1996) Red clover science. u: Current plant sciences and biology in agriculture, Dordrecht, itd: Kluwer Academic Publisher, vol. 28
|
|
7
|
Vasiljević, S., Mihajlović, V., Mitrović, M. (2001) Nova sorta crvene deteline - Kolubara. Zbornik radova Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, br. 35, str. 357-365
|
|
1
|
Vasiljević, S., Šurlan-Momirović, G., Lukić, D., Živanović, T., Katić, S., Mihailović, V., Milić, D., Mikić, A. (2003) Efikasnost različitih metoda selekcije u oplemenjivanju crvene deteline (Trifolium pratense L.). Selekcija i semenarstvo, vol. 9, br. 1-4, str. 77-85
|
|
1
|
Vasiljević, S. (2004) Genetička analiza nasleđivanja kvantitativnih osobina dialelnih hibrida crvene deteline. Beograd: Poljoprivredni fakultet
|
|
2
|
Vasiljević, S., Pataki, I., Šurlan-Momirović, G., Živanović, T. (2005) Production potential and persisitence of red clover varieties. Grassland Science in Europe, 10, str. 577-580
|
|
2
|
Vasiljević, S., Katić, S., Mihailović, V.M., Pataki, I., Karagić, Đ., Mikić, A.M., Ivanović, M. (2005) Rezultati oplemenjivanja crvene deteline (Trifolium pratense L) u Naučnom institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo. Zbornik radova Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, br. 41, str. 489-497
|
|
3
|
Volonec, J.J., Cunningham, S.M., Haagenson, D.M., Berg, W.K., Joern, B.C., Wiersma, D.W. (2002) Physiological genetics of alfalfa improvement: Past failures future prospects. Field Crop Research, 75, str. 97-110
|
|
|
|
|