Soybean fields in Serbia are populated by several dozen pests from various animal groups. Some of the most important among them are mites, such as the Atlantic spider mite (Tetranychus atlanticus McGregor) and the two-spotted spider mite (T. urticae Koh.), with the latter species being much less common in the country than the former. The mites cause the most damage in the latter part of the growing season in years with scant precipitation and above-average temperatures. Yields of the injured plants may be reduced by as much as 27%. In years characterized by their overpopulation, the European hampster (Cricetus cricetus L.), the common vole (Microtus arvalis Pall.), and the European hare (Lepus europeus L.) will also become major pests of soybean. They cause damage early in the growing season by inflicting plant injury in smaller or larger patches across the field and sometimes destroying the entire area. These rodents cause significant damage at crop maturity as well. The impact of the major soybean pests can be reduced only by integrated pest management using all available control measures and procedures. Particularly important in this regard are cultivation practices, which may greatly reduce pest impacts if timely and properly implemented. Chemical pest control should be used only on the basis of known threshold numbers.