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2010, vol. 61, br. 1, str. 5-22
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Biodiverzitet gljiva patogena korova u Srbiji
The biodiversity of the fungi parasiting weeds in Serbia
aInstitut za zaštitu bilja i životnu sredinu, Beograd, Srbija
bInstitut za proučavanje lekovitog bilja 'Dr Josif Pančić', Beograd, Srbija
Sažetak
Sastav vrsta gljiva koje parazitiraju korove u Srbiji proučavana je u periodu 1985-2006. godine, sa posebnim osvrtom na mogućnost njihove primene u biološkoj borbi. Ukupno je identifikovano 96 vrsta gljiva iz 36 rodova na 46 vrsta korova. Tokom vegetacije na obolelim korovima sa simptomima pegavosti, uvelosti, plamenjače, rđe i pepelnice identifikovano je 60 patogenih gljiva iz 15 rodova. Visok nivo patogenosti prema domaćinu ispoljile su vrste iz rodova Puccinia, Uromyces, Melampsora, Aleternaria, Fusarium, Ophiobolus i Sclerotium. Na osnovu intenziteta pojave i nivoa štetnosti na korovima domaćinima, za dalja proučavanja potrebno je odabrati Ophiobolus sp. sa Centaurea solstitialis i Aletrnaria tenuissima, Gnomonia tetraspora i Sclerotium hydrophilum sa Euphorbia cyparissias.
Abstract
The composition of fugal species parasiting weeds in Serbia was studied in the period 1985-2006., with special reference to the possibility of their use in biological control. A total of 96 species of fungi from 36 genera on 46 weed species. During the vegetation season on weeds with symptoms of downy mildew, rust, smut, leaf spotting, withering and powdery 60 species of pathogenic fungi from 15 genera were identified. Fungal species from genera Puccinia, Uromyces, Melampsora, Aleternaria, Fusarium, and Sclerotium showed the high level of pathogenicity to the host. Ophiobolus sp. and Gnomonia tetraspora from perennial weeds Centaurea solstitialis and Euphorbia cyparissias were isolated early in the spring. Artificial inoculations confirmed that they are very destructive to the host.
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