2010, vol. 4, br. 2, str. 431-445
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Aspekti održivog razvoja seoskog turizma u Vojvodini
Aspects of sustainable development of rural tourism in Vojvodina
Univerzitet Educons, Fakultet poslovne ekonomije, Sremska Kamenica, Srbija
e-adresa: muhi.bela@neobee.net
Sažetak
Turizam, kao globalna društveno-ekonomska pojava, beleži stalan i stabilan rast u poslednjih pet decenija, iako se nalazi u procesu stalnih i snažnih promena. Osnovne promene, koje čine turizam izrazito turbulentnim, tiču se značajnog delovanja činilaca iz okruženja, povezano sa sve izrazitijom svešću o potrebi za očuvanjem osnove njegovog razvoja - prostora, odnosno prirodnog okruženja. Ekspanzivan i nekontrolisan razvoj turizma tokom proteklih nekoliko decenija, praćen mnogim neželjenim ekološkim, socijalnim i kulturnim posledicama nameće potrebu da se i ova delatnost podvede pod koncepciju održivog razvoja. Usmeravanje pažnje mnogih zemalja i turističkih preduzeća je striktno vezano za ekonomske aspekte razvoja turizma. To je porodilo i značajan talas kritike i fokusa na pitanja uticaja turističkog razvoja na društvo i same turiste. Argumenti za ovo crpeli su se iz brojnih primera sa negativnim predznakom u razvoju turizma, kao što su uništavanje prostora, derogiranje prirodnog ambijenta i prirodne atraktivnosti, komercijalizacije kulturno- istorijskog i drugog nasleđa, zatamljavanje antropoloških specifičnosti i distinktivnosti i sl. To je prouzrokovalo da mnoge destinacije, adaptirajući se za potrebe turističkog razvoja izgube svoju izvornost i unikatnost i takodestimulišu turistička putovanja. Planiranje održivog razvoja seoskog turizma trebalo bi da prepoznaje prava i potrebe rezidenata (domaćina), uvažava njihove resurse (fizičko okruženje), životni stil i kulturu, kao i pravo da isti utiču na sudbinu lokalnih resursa (turističkih i drugih). Zbog navedenih činilaca sve više dolazi do značaja koncepcija održivog turizma, po mnogim autorima to jeste najvažniji izazov i zadatak turizma u XXI veku. Održivi turizam treba da se temelji na integralnom, holističkom pristupu, koji podrazumeva međusobnu povezanost i saradnju svih činilaca koji utiču na razvoj turizma. Savremeni trendovi u svetskom turizmu traže prostore izvorne ili minimalno izmenjene životne sredine. Sve veća svest o značaju očuvanja zdrave prirodne sredine zahteva ekološki pristup u marketing mendžmentu turističke destinacije. Pred svim učesnicima i nosiocima turističke delatnosti nameće se jasan zahtev, da se prilagode ovoj novoj razvojnoj strategiji i načinu razmišljanja.
Abstract
Tourism as a global socio-economic phenomenon has a steady and stable growth over the past five decades, although it is in the process of constant and powerful changes. The main changes, which make tourism a very turbulent, is concerning to the significant effects of environmental factors, coupled with an awareness of the need to preserve the basis of its development: the space and the natural environment. Expansive and uncontrolled development of tourism, accompanied by many adverse environmental, social and cultural consequences broaden the concept of sustainable development. The attention of many countries and travel companies is strictly related to the economic aspects of tourism development and this brought a significant wave of criticism. The arguments for this drew from the numerous examples of the negative sign in the development of tourism in general, such as the destruction of space, derogation of the natural environment and natural attractions, the commercialization of cultural, historical and other heritage. The World Tourism Organization (WTO) has already warned that tourism development has the potential adverse effects on the environment. In 1979 the first step was made when the WTO established the Environment Committee. Three years later, in collaboration with the UN Environment Programme the Joint Declaration on Tourism and Environment was made. In 1995 WTO created together with the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) and the Earth Council the Agenda 21 for Travel and Tourism - the environmentally sustainable development model. The sustainable (rural) tourism development should be based on the Agenda 21 and also should recognize the rights and needs of residents (the hosts), their resources (natural and physical environment), their lifestyle and culture, and the right to the same influence on the fate of local resources. Due to these factors, and according to many authors, this is the most important challenge and task of rural tourism in the new century. Current trends in world tourism seeks for areas of native or minimally modified environment. The increasing awareness on the importance of a healthy natural environment requires an ecological approach to marketing management of the rural tourist destinations. In front of all participants of rural tourist activity imposes a clear requirement to adapt to this new development strategy and way of thinking. Rural tourism represents an economic opportunity for the region of Vojvodina, which can contribute significantly to the region's rural development and can improve employment. The region can offer a wide range of natural, anthropogenic and cultural threasures, which can be attractive for many tourists. Sustainable (rural) tourism in Vojvodina should be based on an integrated, holistic approach, which involves mutual connection and cooperation of all the participants influencing the development of rural tourism.
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