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2009, vol. 13, br. 2, str. 170-173
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Odložena žetva Miscanthus × Giganteus - uticaj na kvalitet i količinu obrazovane biomase
Postponed harvest of Miscanthus × Giganteus: Influence on the quality and quantity of accumulated biomass
aUniverzitet u Beogradu, Institut za primenu nuklearne energije - INEP, Srbija
bUniverzitet u Beogradu, Poljoprivredni fakultet, Srbija
cUniverzitet Singidunum, Beograd, Srbija
Projekat: Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. NPEE-263003A
Sažetak
Miskantus ili kineska šaš (Miscanthus×giganteus Greef et Deu.) predstavlja nov višegodišnji usev za proizvodnju biomase, koja se koristi kao energetska sirovina za sagorevanje u kotlovima. Kvalitet ove sirovine zavisi prvenstveno od sadržaja vlage i azota u njoj. Poljski ogledi su izvedeni na gajnjači (eutrični kambisol). U toku perioda intenzivnog rasta i razvoja (od kraja aprila do početka oktobra) usev odlikuje visok sadržaj vlage (50-65%) i visok sadržaj azota (≥1%). Krajem septembra usev miskantusa obrazuje maksimalnu biomasu nadzemnog dela. Prelaskom u fazu zimskog mirovanja (od kraja okrobra do početka aprila) sadržaj vlage u usevu se postepeno smanjuje sušenjem stabala i listova. Procentualni sadržaj N, P i K u usevu se, takođe, smanjuje, delom zbog opadanja listova i vrhova stabljika, a delom zbog premeštanja hraniva iz nadzemnih vegetativnih organa u rizome. Pomeranjem vremena žetve na period: kraj decembra do kraja marta, ukupna biomasa miskantusa se smanjuje, ali usled manjeg sadržaja vode (≤30%) i manje količine azotnih materija (<0,7%) dobijena biomasa je kvalitetnija za sagorevanje.
Abstract
Miscanthus×giganteus Greef et Deu. is a new perennial crop for the production of biomass, utilized as an energy source for combustion in boilers. The quality of this raw material depends mostly on water and nitrogen contents. Field trials were carried out at eutric cambisol. During the interval of intensive growth and development (since the beginning of April till the end of October) Miscanthus plants were characterized with high water content (50-65%) and high nitrogen content (≥1%). At the end of September maximal biomass of the Miscanthus aboveground parts was achieved. With the shift to the stage of winter dormancy (since the end of October till the beginning of April) water content in the crop was gradually decreased by stem and leaf drying. N, P and K contents in the crop were also decreased, partly due to defoliation and falling off of stem tops, and partly due to nutrients transport from aboveground parts to the rhizomes. Postponing of the harvest to the interval between the end of Decembre and the end of March, resulted in decreased total biomass of miscanthus, but due to decreased water content (≤30%) and nitrogen compound quantity (<0,7%) the obtained biomass was more convenient as a combustion fuel.
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