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2009, vol. 34, br. 3, str. 9-16
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Žetva i skladištenje Miscanthus×giganteus Greef et Deu.
Harvesting and storage of Miscanthus×giganteus Greef and Deu.
aUniverzitet u Beogradu, Institut za primenu nuklearne energije - INEP, Srbija bUniverzitet u Beogradu, Poljoprivredni fakultet, Srbija cUniverzitet Singidunum, Fakultet za primenjenu ekologiju - Futura, Beograd, Srbija
e-adresa: zdzeletovic@inep.co.rs
Projekat: Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. NPEE 263003A: Ekološke osnove razvoja tehnologije gajenja visokoproduktivne biljke Miscanthus×giganteus, kao osnove novog bioenergetskog goriva i NPBA 20208: Bioracionalno korišćenje i ekoremedijacija
Ključne reči: miskantus; odložena žetva; kvalitet požnjevene biomase; skladištenje miskantusa
Keywords: mischantus; postponed harvest; harvested biomass quality; miscanthus storage
Sažetak
Miskantus (Miscanthus×giganteus Greef et Deu.) predstavlja nov višegodišnji usev za proizvodnju biomase, koji se specifično uzgaja i koristi kao energetska sirovina za sagorevanje u kotlovskim postrojenjima. Krajem septembra usev miskantusa obrazuje maksimalnu biomasu nadzemnog dela. Prelaskom u fazu zimskog mirovanja (od kraja oktobra do početka aprila) sadržaj vlage u usevu se postepeno smanjuje sušenjem stabala i listova. Pomeranjem vremena žetve na period: kraj decembra do kraj marta, ukupna biomasa miskantusa se smanjuje, zbog opadanja listova i vrhova stabala, ali usled manjeg sadržaja vode (≤30%) i manje količine azotnih materija (<0,7%) dobijena biomasa je kvalitetnija za sagorevanje. Za izvođenje žetve košenjem nadzemnih delova useva i njegovim baliranjem, neophodno samo nekoliko dana bez padavina i snežnog pokrivača, zbog kretanja žetvene mehanizacije po površini terena. Za dugotrajno skladištenje potrebno je veoma rastresito slaganje bala.
Abstract
Miscanthus (Miscanthus×giganteus Greef et Deu.) represents a new perennial crop for biomass production, grown and used specifically as energy source (i.e. 'bioenergy crop') for combustion in boiler systems. At the end of September, miscanthus crops form maximal biomass of aboveground parts. With the transition to winter dormancy (since the end of October till the beginning of April) water content in the crop is gradually decreased by stem dessication. With the shifting of harvest time to the interval: end of December - end of March, overall miscanthus biomass is decreased, due to defiliation and falling-off of stem tops, but, because of decreased water content (≤30%) and the content of nitrogen compounds (<0,7%) the obtained biomass is more convenient for combustion. For harvesting and baling of aboveground parts, only few days without precipitation and snow cover are sufficient, which is necessary for the operation of machines. For long-term storage, very loose piling of bales is necessary.
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