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2019, vol. 67, br. 1, str. 33-38
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Završna obrada tekstila laserom
Textile finishing by laser
aUniverzitet u Novom Sadu, Tehnički fakultet 'Mihajlo Pupin', Zrenjanin bPamukkal University, Faculty of Engineering, Turkey
e-adresa: inetavil@gmail.com
Ključne reči: završna obrada tekstila; potpuno rezanje laserom; delimično rezanje laserom; graviranje laserom; obeležavanje laserom; denim završna obrada
Keywords: textile finishing; through cutting by laser; kiss-cutting by laser; engraving by laser; marking by laser; denim finishing
Sažetak
Laserska obrada uspešno zamenjuje mnoge tradicionalne načine obrade tekstila. Koriste se potpuno i delimično rezanje, graviranje i obeležavanje laserom. U poslednje vreme je popularna dekoracija tekstilnih materijala sa potpuno izrezanim oblicima. Pri delimičnom rezanju laserom se odvaja samo gornji sloj materijala. Ovom metodom se izrađuju različiti ukrasni vezovi, aplikacije i etikete. Graviranjem laser stvara udubljenje u materijalu. Graviranje se koristi u proizvodnji tepiha i prostirača a takođe i u izradi odevnih predmeta od pliša. Tokom laserskog obeležavanja laserski zrak samo blago menja osobine i izgled materijala, najčešće dolazi samo do promene boje materijala. Ova metoda se koristi u proizvodnji proizvoda od denima. Tekstilni materijali različitog porekla različito reaguju na laserki tretman. Pri rezanju laserom materijali prirodnog porekla isparavaju, nastaju glatke ivice ureza. Pri rezanju materijala sintetičkog porekla laser istopi materijal, vlakna i niti materijala se slepe što materijal štiti od paranja. Laserki tretman je efektivan za rezanje veštačkog krzna, čičak trake, vrlo laganih tekstilnih materijala i tekstila sa komplikovanim dezenima.
Abstract
Laser finishing is replacing many traditional textile decoration methods. Processing textile materials with laser through-cutting, kiss-cutting, engraving and marking are most often used decoration methods. During the last period of time fashionable are textiles with fully cut out different shapes. Laser kiss cutting is used to cut the top layer of a textile material. Different kind of multiple-layer embroideries, appliqués and labels are created using this method. During laser engraving, the material surface in certain places is melted and evaporated by the laser beam. Engraving is used in carpet and rug manufacturing, producing garments from textiles with low cut pile. During laser marking the laser beam only slightly alters material properties or appearance. The colour change of the treated material is widely used in denim finishing. Textiles of different origin differently react on laser treatment. Natural materials vaporize resulting in smooth edges. Cutting synthetic materials, laser beam melts material edges and with it protects them from frying. Processing by laser is more effective in cutting artificial fur, velcro, very light textiles and materials with intricate patterns.
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