- citati u SCIndeksu: [2]
- citati u CrossRef-u:0
- citati u Google Scholaru:[
 ]
- posete u poslednjih 30 dana:10
- preuzimanja u poslednjih 30 dana:7
|
|
|
2010, vol. 36, br. 3, str. 220-227
|
|
Uticaj fizičkih osobina zaslanjenih zemljišta Vojvodine na produkciju biomase
Influence of physical properties of saline soils in Vojvodina at biomass production
aNaučni institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad, Srbija bUniverzitet u Novom Sadu, Poljoprivredni fakultet, Srbija
e-adresa: vasin@ifvcns.ns.ac.rs
Sažetak
Zaslanjena zemljišta (slatine) u Vojvodini su zastupljena preko dva tipa zemljišta: solonjec i solončak. Zauzimaju površinu od oko 150.000 ha. Uzorci zemljišta u poremećenom i prirodnom neporemećenom stanju uzeti su sa 25 lokacija u Vojvodini, koja su na osnovu prethodnih istraživanja klasifikovana kao solončaci. Uzorci su uzimani iz pedogenetskih horizonata po dubini pedološkog profila. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da su vodna i fizička svojstva izrazito nepovoljna, jer su vrednosti sadržaja gline u teksturnom sastavu, zapreminske i prave specifične mase visoke, dok su vrednosti prosečne filtracione sosobnosti niske. Potpovršinski argiluvični i natrijumski Bt, na horizonti ispitivanih zemljišta bili su sa najnepovoljnijim osobinama. Poznavanje i poboljšanje nepovoljnih vodno-fizičkih svojstava je od značaja za podizanje proizvodne vrednosti ovih površina. Relativno jednostavnim i ekonomičnim agrotehničkim merama, kao što su prolećno drljanje i prihranjivanje azotnim mineralnim đubrivima, mogao bi da se poveća prinos biljne organske materije za stočnu ishranu. S obzirom na smanjenje zaliha fosilnih energenata, proizvedena biomasa sa slatina, kao obnovljivi energent, može da zadovolji deo potreba za energijom.
Abstract
Saline soils (halomorphic soils) are present in Vojvodina over an area of c. 150,000 ha as two soil types: solonetz and solonchak. Soil samples were taken from 25 sites in Vojvodina which, based on previous researches, had been classified as solonchaks. At representative sites (where GPS coordinates were determined) labelled as solonchaks on pedological map of Vojvodina R = 1 : 50,000, in dug soil profiles (up to 2 m depth or at ground water level) external and internal morphology was described. Soil samples in disturbed state (using pedological knife) were taken from all genetic horizons for laboratory testing of water and physical soil features. Also, soil samples in natural undisturbed state (in six replications using Kopecky cylinders) were taken from middle genetic horizons up to 1 m profile depth from the surface. Research results show that the water-physical properties are highly unfavourable. Heterogenous mechanical composition, i.e. texture difference in pedological profile is prominent with all solonchak profiles structured A/E-Bt-BC (in Bt horizont 11.74 % more clay as compared to the higher A/E horizont) and solonetz (in Bt horizont 15.68 % more clay as compared to the higher A/E horizont). Bt,na solonetz horizon with silt, sand and clay ratio 38%:23%:39% was the most deviant from the agronomically most favourable ratio 40%:40%:20%. Bulk density average values of solonchaks profile structur A/E-Bt-BC decrease with depth. This trend differs from most other soil types. Soil profiles classified as solonchaks and solonetzs show high values of specific mass, which can be interpreted with low organic matter content. Average filtration capacity of the tested halomorphic soils is wide-ranged, from a moderately fast in subsurface AC horizont of solonchak profile structure A-AC-C, to a slow one in Bt horizon of solonchak profile structure A/E-Bt-BC. Surface A horizon of solonchak profile structure A-AC-C is water impermeable, and it is known that the speed of filtration (water permeability) down the soil profile depth is determined by horizon, i.e. the layer with the least permeability. Subsurface argiluvic and natric Bt,na horizons of the tested soils were of the most unfavourable water-physical properties. Knowing and improving unfavourable water-physical properties is of importance for increasing low production ability of the surfaces under saline soils (average hay yield from extensive pastures was 0.5-1.5 t/ha, and from meadows up to 2 t/ha). Yield of plant organic matter for animal feed could be increased by using relatively simple and inexpensive agrotechnical measures, such as harrowing in the spring and top dressing with mineral fertilizers. Considering the decrease in reserves of fossil fuel resources, the biomass produced on saline soils, as a renewable resource, could partially satisfy the demand for energy.
|
|
|
|
Reference
|
|
1 
|
Akker, J.J.H., Canarache, A. (2001) Two European concerted actions on subsoil compaction. Landnutzung und Landentwicklung, 42, str. 15-22
|
|
13 
|
Antić, M., Jović, N., Avdalović, V. (1990) Pedologija. Beograd: Naučna knjiga
|
|
1
|
Baham, J. (2005) Soil compaction in western Oregon vineyards: Soil compaction survez conducted in the spring of 1999. Crop and Soil Science, cropandsoil.oregonstate.edu/Soils/vineyard/results
|
|
1 
|
Burgess, C.P., Champan, R., Singleton, P.L., Thom, E.R. (2000) Shallow mechanical loosening of a soil under dairy cattle grazing: Effects on soil and pasture. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, vol. 43, str. 279-290
|
|
2 
|
Ćupina, B., Erić, P., Krstić, Đ., Vučković, S. (2005) Effect of nitrogen fertilization on permanent grasslands productivity in the Vojvodina Province. Integrating Efficient Grassland Farming and Biodiversity, vol. 10, str. 485-488
|
|
1
|
Drewry, J.J., Paton, R.J. (2000) Effects of cattle treading and natural amelioration on soil physical properties and pasture under dairy farming in Southland. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, vol. 43, str. 377-386
|
|
|
Food and Agriculture Organization, International Soil Reference and Information Centre, International Union of Soil Science (2006) World Reference Base for Soil Resources. u: World Soil Resources Reports, Rome, 2nd edition, No. 103
|
|
|
Gajić, B., Milivojević, J., Bošnjaković, G., Matović, G. (2005) Zbijenost zemljišta različitih teksturnih klasa u zasadima malina ariljskog malinogorja. Poljoprivredna tehnika, vol. 30, br. 2, str. 25-30
|
|
10
|
Hadžić, V., Belić, M., Nešić, L. (2004) Praktikum iz pedologije. Novi Sad: Poljoprivredni fakultet - Departman za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo
|
|
|
Jugoslovensko društvo za proučavanje zemljišta - Komisija za fiziku zemljišta (1997) Metode istraživanja i određivanja fizičkih svojstava zemljišta. Novi Sad
|
|
|
Jury, W.A., Horton, R. (2004) Soil physics. New York: Edition John Wiley & Sons, 6th
|
|
5
|
Martinov, M., Tešić, M., Konstantinović, M., Stepanov, B. (2005) Perspektive u korišćenju biomase za grejanje domaćinstava u seoskim područjima. Savremena poljoprivredna tehnika, vol. 31, br. 4, str. 211-220
|
|
2
|
Meši, M., Malinović, N., Anđelković, S., Kostić, M. (2009) Proizvodnja šećerne repe u konzervacijskoj obradi zemljišta. Savremena poljoprivredna tehnika, vol. 35, br. 1-2, str. 95-102
|
|
4
|
Mileusnić, Z.I., Đević, M. (2004) Traktorsko-mašinski agregati za oranje teških zemljišta. Savremena poljoprivredna tehnika, vol. 30, br. 1-2, str. 44-51
|
|
5
|
Nikolić, R., Savin, L., Gligorić, R. (2003) Uticaj sabijanja zemljišta na prinos suncokreta i soje. Savremena poljoprivredna tehnika, vol. 29, br. 4, str. 229-233
|
|
3
|
Nozdrovický, L. (2007) Analiza efekata konzervacijske obrade na fizičke osobine zemljišta. Savremena poljoprivredna tehnika, vol. 33, br. 3-4, str. 263-273
|
|
7
|
Ponjičan, O., Bajkin, A., Somer, D. (2009) Uticaj predsetvene pripreme zemljišta na agrofizičke osobine i prinos korena mrkve. Savremena poljoprivredna tehnika, vol. 35, br. 1-2, str. 33-41
|
|
8
|
Savin, L., Nikolić, R., Simikić, M., Furman, T., Tomić, M., Gligorić, R., Jarak, M., Đurić, S., Sekulić, P., Vasin, J. (2008) Istraživanje uticaja sabijenosti zemljišta na prinos suncokreta i promene u zemljištu na uvratinama i unutrašnjem delu parcele. Savremena poljoprivredna tehnika, vol. 34, br. 1-2, str. 87-96
|
|
5
|
Savin, L., Nikolić, R., Simikić, M., Furman, T., Tomić, M., Gligorić, R., Jarak, M., Đurić, S., Sekulić, P., Vasin, J. (2009) Uticaj sabijenosti zemljišta na promene u zemljištu i prinos suncokreta. Savremena poljoprivredna tehnika, vol. 35, br. 1-2, str. 26-32
|
|
2
|
Savin, L., Furman, T., Tomić, M. (2003) Uticaj sabijanja zemljišta na prinos pšenice i kukuruza. Savremena poljoprivredna tehnika, vol. 29, br. 4, str. 234-237
|
|
1
|
Singleton, P.L., Boyes, M., Addison, B. (2000) Effect of treading by dairy cattle on topsoil physical conditions for siy contrasting soil types in Waikato and Northland, New Zealand, with implications for monitoring. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, vol. 43, str. 559-567
|
|
|
Šišov, L.L., Tonkonogov, V.D., Lebedeva, I.I., Gerasimova, M.I. (2001) Russian Soil Classification System V. V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute, Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Moscow: Dokuchaev Society of Soil Scientist of Russian Academy of Sciences
|
|
112
|
Škorić, A., Filipovski, G., Ćirić, M. (1985) Klasifikacija zemljišta Jugoslavije. Sarajevo: Akademija nauka i umjetnosti BiH - Odjeljenje prirodnih i matematičkih nauka, Posebna izdanja, knjiga 78
|
|
11
|
Tešić, M., Igić, S., Adamović, D. (2006) Proizvodnja energije - novi zadatak i izvor prihoda za poljoprivredu. Savremena poljoprivredna tehnika, vol. 32, br. 1-2, str. 1-9
|
|
1
|
Tomić, M., Savin, L., Radanović, D. (2003) Uticaj sabijanja zemljišta na prinos kamilice. Savremena poljoprivredna tehnika, vol. 29, br. 4, str. 223-228
|
|
|
|
|